Weng Hantong, Zeng Hanfang, Wang Haihui, Chang Haomiao, Zhai Yunfei, Li Shujie, Han Zhaoyu
College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Aug 22;12(8):1729. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081729.
Heat stress negatively affects lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy cows, with different breeds showing varying levels of heat tolerance. This study aimed to compare the lactation performance of Montbéliarde × Holstein (MH, = 13) and Holstein (H, = 13) cows under heat stress, and 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to determine the rumen microbiome and metabolome in experimental cows. The results indicated that during heat stress, milk yield ( = 0.101), milk fat yield, milk protein yield, milk protein, and milk lactose ( < 0.05) in Montbéliarde × Holstein cows were higher than those in Holstein cows, whereas milk yield variation and somatic cell counts ( < 0.05) were lower than those in Holstein cows. The sequencing results indicated that the rumen of Montbéliarde × Holstein cows was significantly enriched with beneficial bacteria, such as Rikenellaceae, , and ( < 0.05). In addition, correlations were observed between specific ruminal bacteria and lactation performance. Ruminal metabolites related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were significantly higher ( < 0.05) in Montbéliarde × Holstein cows than in Holstein cows. Overall, Montbéliarde × Holstein cows showed higher production efficiency under heat stress, which may be related to the different rumen mechanisms of crossbred and Holstein cows in adapting to heat stress.
热应激对奶牛的泌乳性能和瘤胃微生物群有负面影响，不同品种的奶牛耐热水平不同。本研究旨在比较蒙贝利亚尔×荷斯坦奶牛（MH，n = 13）和荷斯坦奶牛（H，n = 13）在热应激下的泌乳性能，并采用16S rRNA测序和液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术测定实验奶牛的瘤胃微生物组和代谢组。结果表明，在热应激期间，蒙贝利亚尔×荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量（P = 0.101）、乳脂产量、乳蛋白产量、乳蛋白和乳糖含量（P < 0.05）均高于荷斯坦奶牛，而产奶量变异和体细胞数（P < 0.05）则低于荷斯坦奶牛。测序结果表明，蒙贝利亚尔×荷斯坦奶牛的瘤胃中有益菌显著富集，如理研菌科、[具体菌属1]、[具体菌属2]（P < 0.05）。此外，还观察到特定瘤胃细菌与泌乳性能之间的相关性。蒙贝利亚尔×荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃中与抗氧化和抗炎特性相关的代谢物显著高于荷斯坦奶牛（P < 0.05）。总体而言，蒙贝利亚尔×荷斯坦奶牛在热应激下表现出较高的生产效率，这可能与杂交奶牛和荷斯坦奶牛在适应热应激时不同的瘤胃机制有关。
