Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
Department of Clinical Dietetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 6;16(16):2581. doi: 10.3390/nu16162581.
Total energy expenditure (TEE) is the total energy expended by an individual to sustain life, activities, and growth. TEE is formed by four components: resting energy expenditure (REE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), growth-related energy expenditure (GEE), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF). Some energy expenditure (EE) components may change throughout childhood and cannot be reliably estimated using prediction formulae.
To summarize measured TEE components as reported in the literature in healthy and critically ill children.
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for studies published between 1946 and 7 September 2023. The primary outcome was energy expenditure. Included studies were published in English and measured one or more of TEE, AEE, GEE, and TEF with Indirect Calorimetry or Doubly Labeled Water in participants between 1 month and 18 years of age. We excluded studies reporting only REE or using predictive equations. Following abstraction, reported values were converted into kcal/kg/day or kcal/day as possible. Weighted mean values were calculated using median or means of EE measurements.
We found 138 studies, 8163 patients, and 16,636 eligible measurements. The median (IQR) study sample size was 20 (12, 35) patients. TEE was the most evaluated component. The median (IQR) TEE in infants was 73.1 (67.0, 76.5), in children 78.0 (66.0, 81.3), and in adolescents was 44.2 (41.8, 51.9) kcal/kg/day. Very few studies reported on GEE and TEF.
This is one of the first studies that summarizes components of total energy expenditure in different pediatric age groups in healthy and critically ill children. Growth- and feeding-associated energy expenditure are poorly reported in healthy children, while all components of TEE (except REE) are poorly reported in critically ill children.
总能量消耗（TEE）是个体维持生命、活动和生长所消耗的总能量。TEE 由四个组成部分构成：静息能量消耗（REE）、活动能量消耗（AEE）、生长相关能量消耗（GEE）和喂养的热效应（TEF）。一些能量消耗（EE）组成部分可能会在整个儿童期发生变化，并且不能通过预测公式可靠地估计。
总结文献中报道的健康和危重病儿童的测量 TEE 组成部分。
我们检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 CINAHL，以获取 1946 年至 2023 年 9 月 7 日期间发表的研究。主要结局是能量消耗。纳入的研究以英文发表，使用间接热量法或双标记水测量了 1 个月至 18 岁参与者的 TEE、AEE、GEE 和 TEF 中的一项或多项。我们排除了仅报告 REE 或使用预测方程的研究。在摘要之后，尽可能将报告的值转换为 kcal/kg/天或 kcal/天。使用 EE 测量的中位数或平均值计算加权平均值。
我们发现了 138 项研究、8163 名患者和 16636 项合格测量。中位数（IQR）研究样本量为 20（12，35）名患者。TEE 是评估最多的组成部分。婴儿的中位数（IQR）TEE 为 73.1（67.0，76.5），儿童为 78.0（66.0，81.3），青少年为 44.2（41.8，51.9）kcal/kg/天。很少有研究报告 GEE 和 TEF。
这是第一项总结健康和危重病儿童不同儿科年龄组 TEE 组成部分的研究之一。健康儿童中生长和喂养相关的能量消耗报告较少，而危重病儿童中 TEE 的所有组成部分（REE 除外）报告较少。
