Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 10;16(16):2643. doi: 10.3390/nu16162643.
Walnuts ( L.) have shown promising effects in terms of ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), attributed to their abundant bioactive compounds. This review comprehensively illustrates the key mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of walnuts in IBD management, including the modulation of intestinal mucosa permeability, the regulation of inflammatory pathways (such as NF-kB, COX/COX2, MAPCK/MAPK, and iNOS/NOS), relieving oxidative stress, and the modulation of gut microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight walnut-derived anti-inflammatory compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; e.g., ω-3 PUFA), tocopherols, phytosterols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. We also discuss unique anti-inflammatory compounds such as peptides and polysaccharides, including their extraction and preparation methods. Our review provides a theoretical foundation for dietary walnut supplementation in IBD management and provides guidance for academia and industry. In future, research should focus on the targeted isolation and purification of walnut-derived anti-inflammatory compounds or optimizing extraction methods to enhance their yields, thereby helping the food industry to develop dietary supplements or walnut-derived functional foods tailored for IBD patients.
核桃（ Juglans ）富含生物活性化合物，在改善炎症性肠病（IBD）方面表现出良好的效果。本综述全面阐述了核桃在 IBD 管理中治疗潜力的关键机制，包括调节肠道黏膜通透性、调节炎症途径（如 NF-κB、COX/COX2、MAPK/MAPK 和 iNOS/NOS）、缓解氧化应激以及调节肠道微生物群。此外，我们还强调了源自核桃的具有抗炎作用的化合物，如多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA；例如，ω-3 PUFA）、生育酚、植物甾醇、鞘脂、磷脂、酚类化合物、类黄酮和单宁。我们还讨论了一些独特的抗炎化合物，如肽和多糖，包括它们的提取和制备方法。本综述为通过饮食补充核桃来管理 IBD 提供了理论基础，并为学术界和工业界提供了指导。未来的研究应集中于靶向分离和纯化源自核桃的抗炎化合物，或优化提取方法以提高其产量，从而帮助食品行业为 IBD 患者开发专门的膳食补充剂或源自核桃的功能性食品。
