Calcabrini Cinzia, Mancini Umberto, De Bellis Roberta, Frati Alessandra, Mastrogiacomo Anna Rita, Annibalini Giosue, Sestili Piero, Cucchiarini Luigi, Stocchi Vilberto, Potenza Lucia
Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, (RN), I 47921, Italy
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via A. Saffi, 2, Urbino (PU) I-61029, Italy
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2017;18(11):925-934. doi: 10.2174/1389201019666180112145717.
In this research, fatty acid profile and polyphenolic content of an ethanolic extract of walnut from Juglans regia L. collected in Central Italy, were characterized. The potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were investigated in the human keratinocytes cell line.
Fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for determination of total flavonoids. Kertatinocytes were exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide or Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa in the absence or presence of extract. Reduced glutathione was determined by Sedlak method; lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. t-butyl hydroperoxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species were monitored by fluorescent probes. The expression of some genes related to the inflammatory process (IL-6, IL-8, ikB, and ICAM) were analysed by Real-time PCR.
JRE contains a favourable fatty acid profile with low saturated fats (19%) and high-unsaturated fats (81%) with a prevalence of the omega-6 linoleic acid (48%). Also a significant amount of polyphenols was found (5,0052 mg gallic acid equivalent/gdw). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of JRE were observed on analysed cellular model. JRE antioxidants counteracted ROS production, GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation as well downregulated the expression of some genes related to the inflammatory process. Moreover, polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibited anti-inflammatory properties.
The obtained results uphold walnut as dietary adjunct in health promotion and drive towards its development in drug therapy against chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory skin diseases.
本研究对采自意大利中部的胡桃（Juglans regia L.）乙醇提取物的脂肪酸谱和多酚含量进行了表征。并在人角质形成细胞系中研究了该提取物潜在的抗氧化和抗炎作用。
采用气相色谱/质谱分析法测定脂肪酸谱，用福林-西奥尔特法测定总酚含量，用氯化铝比色法测定总黄酮含量。在有或无提取物存在的情况下，将角质形成细胞暴露于叔丁基过氧化氢或肿瘤坏死因子α。用塞德拉克法测定还原型谷胱甘肽；通过测量硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质评估脂质过氧化。用荧光探针监测叔丁基过氧化氢和肿瘤坏死因子α诱导的细胞内活性氧。通过实时聚合酶链反应分析一些与炎症过程相关基因（IL-6、IL-8、ikB和ICAM）的表达。
胡桃乙醇提取物含有良好的脂肪酸谱，饱和脂肪含量低（19%），高不饱和脂肪含量高（81%），其中ω-6亚油酸占优势（48%）。还发现了大量的多酚（5.0052毫克没食子酸当量/克干重）。在分析的细胞模型上观察到了胡桃乙醇提取物的抗氧化和抗炎特性。胡桃乙醇提取物的抗氧化剂可抵消活性氧的产生、谷胱甘肽的消耗和脂质过氧化，还可下调一些与炎症过程相关基因的表达。此外，多不饱和脂肪酸具有抗炎特性。
所得结果支持将胡桃作为促进健康的膳食辅助物，并推动其在针对慢性炎症性疾病（包括炎症性皮肤病）的药物治疗中的开发。
