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(1) Background: Food allergy (FA) is an immune-mediated hypersensitivity to foods, significantly contributing to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and influencing factors of parent-reported FAs among children in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a validated parental questionnaire distributed across all regions of Saudi Arabia. Data from 2130 participants were collected and analyzed using SPSS v. 26 and Prism software v. 10.3.0. (3) Results: Parent-reported FA prevalence was 15.2%. Egg was the most common allergen (6.2%), followed by tree nuts (4.1%), peanuts (4.0%), milk (3.8%), and sesame (3.2%). Significant geographical variations were observed, with the western region having the highest burden ( < 0.001). Older children had higher rates of shellfish and fish allergies. Parental allergies and co-existing asthma/drug allergies were positively associated with childhood FAs. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights a substantial burden of parent-reported FAs in Saudi Arabia, with regional variations in food allergen distribution. Parental allergies and co-existing allergic conditions may influence FA risk.

(1) 背景：食物过敏（FA）是一种针对食物的免疫介导性过敏反应，是导致儿童发病率和死亡率的主要原因。本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯儿童中父母报告的 FA 的流行率、特征和影响因素。

(2) 方法：本横断面研究使用了经过验证的父母问卷，在沙特阿拉伯的所有地区进行了分发。使用 SPSS v. 26 和 Prism 软件 v. 10.3.0 收集和分析了 2130 名参与者的数据。

(3) 结果：父母报告的 FA 流行率为 15.2%。最常见的过敏原是鸡蛋（6.2%），其次是坚果（4.1%）、花生（4.0%）、牛奶（3.8%）和芝麻（3.2%）。观察到显著的地域差异，西部地区的负担最重（<0.001）。年龄较大的儿童海鲜和鱼类过敏的发生率更高。父母过敏和同时存在的哮喘/药物过敏与儿童 FA 呈正相关。

(4) 结论：本研究强调了沙特阿拉伯父母报告的 FA 负担很大，食物过敏原的分布存在地域差异。父母过敏和同时存在的过敏情况可能会影响 FA 的风险。