Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 22;16(16):2804. doi: 10.3390/nu16162804.
There is limited research providing an overall understanding of bone mineral density (BMD) changes throughout different stages of life. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of BMD changes across childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, as well as exploring the critical time of peak BMD (PBMD).
Participants of three major ethnicities from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2018 were involved: 46,381 and 20,944 participants aged 8-85 years old were included in the Lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD) and femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) studies, respectively. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The generalized additive model was used to construct smoothed percentile curves.
Both males and females experienced a sharp increase in LSBMD during puberty, with females reaching their PBMD earlier than males. Females' LSBMD remained higher than males' before the age of approximately 50, except for Non-Hispanic Blacks. For males, LSBMD reached a plateau at around 30 years old after reaching the peak value. Females exhibited two peak points on the fitted curves, with the second PBMD occurring around 36-37 years old. Ethnic variations were observed, with Non-Hispanic Blacks displaying the highest BMD levels at all ages. Non-Hispanic Whites and Mexican Americans had lower BMD levels, with Mexican Americans generally exhibiting the lowest BMD. FNBMD reached its peak earlier than LSBMD, and males consistently had higher FNBMD than females.
This nationally representative study contributes to the understanding of BMD changes across the lifespan, and might provide guidance for bone health interventions in different population groups.
目前关于骨矿物质密度（BMD）在生命不同阶段变化的研究较为有限，难以全面了解这一情况。本研究旨在探究儿童期、青春期、成年期和老年期 BMD 的变化模式，并探讨峰值 BMD（PBMD）的关键时期。
我们纳入了参加 1999 年至 2018 年全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）的三种主要族裔人群的数据：腰椎 BMD（LSBMD）和股骨颈 BMD（FNBMD）研究分别纳入了 46381 名和 20944 名 8-85 岁的参与者。采用双能 X 射线吸收法测定 BMD。使用广义加性模型构建平滑百分位数曲线。
男性和女性的 LSBMD 在青春期均急剧增加，女性 PBMD 出现得更早。在大约 50 岁之前，女性的 LSBMD 一直高于男性，除了非西班牙裔黑人。对于男性，LSBMD 在达到峰值后约 30 岁左右达到平台期。女性拟合曲线上出现两个峰值，第二个 PBMD 发生在 36-37 岁左右。观察到了种族差异，非西班牙裔黑人在所有年龄段的 BMD 水平最高。非西班牙裔白人和墨西哥裔美国人的 BMD 水平较低，墨西哥裔美国人的 BMD 水平通常最低。FNBMD 比 LSBMD 更早达到峰值，男性的 FNBMD 始终高于女性。
这项具有全国代表性的研究有助于了解整个生命周期中的 BMD 变化情况，为不同人群的骨骼健康干预提供指导。
