Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 22;16(16):2809. doi: 10.3390/nu16162809.
This review explores the diverse landscape of integrating nutrition and physical activity education into medical school curricula, focusing on the imperative role of physicians in promoting health through lifestyle changes. By examining global medical education structures, we uncovered disparities in nutrition and physical activity training, and highlighted the need for a shared framework to address international and regional challenges. Despite acknowledging the importance of both nutrition and physical activity, studies have consistently uncovered deficiencies in medical school curricula, especially in skills related to providing lifestyle advice and behavioral counseling. Survey studies among medical students have illuminated various perceptions and knowledge gaps, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive and mandatory nutrition and physical activity training. While acknowledging progress, challenges, such as time constraints, resource availability, and faculty expertise, persist. Integrating lifestyle education results in resistance, a demand for strategic communication, and faculty buy-ins. These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach that balances theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and confidence that medical students need to promote effective nutrition and physical activity in healthcare.
这篇综述探讨了将营养和身体活动教育融入医学院校课程的多样性，重点强调了医生在通过生活方式改变促进健康方面的重要作用。通过考察全球医学教育结构，我们发现了营养和身体活动培训方面的差异，并强调需要一个共同的框架来应对国际和地区挑战。尽管认识到营养和身体活动的重要性，但研究一致揭示了医学院校课程中的缺陷，特别是在提供生活方式建议和行为咨询方面的技能。对医学生的调查研究揭示了各种观念和知识差距，强调需要更全面和强制性的营养和身体活动培训。尽管承认取得了进展，但仍存在一些挑战，如时间限制、资源可用性和教师专业知识等。整合生活方式教育会导致抵制，需要进行策略性沟通，并获得教师的认可。这些发现强调了需要采取整体方法，平衡理论知识、实践技能和信心，使医学生能够在医疗保健中有效地促进营养和身体活动。
