Guo Xinyu, Hu Jianing, Yin Guihu, Cai Yiqin, Gao Zichen, Liu Ye, Zhong Meng, Wang Ruiying, Feng Xiuli
Key Laboratory of Animal Microbiology of China's Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Jul 24;12(8):834. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080834.
Mucosal immunity is the main defense line against respiratory disease pathogens. Newcastle disease and avian infectious bronchitis are common respiratory diseases in poultry. However, the mucosal immune response is not sufficiently activated and thus fails to achieve the ideal immune protection. Therefore, it is important to develop a suitable mucosal immune adjuvant to enhance the immune response of live vaccines. Here, the bursal-derived peptide BP7, β-glucan, and hyaluronic acid were selected as the adjuvant to be assembled into the composite nanopolypeptide adjuvant (CNPB7) with ultrasonic dispersion technology. The results showed that after optimizing assembly conditions, the optimal average particle size of nanoparticle CNPB7 was 514.9 nm and PDI was 0.298. To evaluate the non-specific immune responses of nanoparticle CNPB7, the chickens were immunized only with nanoparticle CNPB7. It was confirmed that nanoparticle CNPB7 enhanced the expression of CD3, CD4, CD80, and CD86 factors in the spleen lymphocyte from the chicken immunized with nanoparticle CNPB7. To investigate the mucosal immune response of nanoparticle CNPB7, the chickens were orally immunized with Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) dual vaccines and CNPB7. The results proved that the levels of immunoglobulin SIgA, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-13 in the mucus samples from the respiratory and digestive tract in chicken immunized with nanoparticle CNPB7 and vaccines were significantly increased, compared to that of vaccine control. Finally, it was observed that nanoparticle CNPB7 promoted specific increased antibody productions against NDV and IBV in the immunized chicken. These results proved that the assembled nanoparticle CNPB7 could enhance the vaccination efficacy in chicken, which provided the experimental basis for the development of new adjuvants, and offered technical support for preventing virus transmission of avian diseases.
黏膜免疫是抵御呼吸道疾病病原体的主要防线。新城疫和禽传染性支气管炎是家禽常见的呼吸道疾病。然而，黏膜免疫反应未得到充分激活，因此未能实现理想的免疫保护。所以，开发一种合适的黏膜免疫佐剂以增强活疫苗的免疫反应具有重要意义。在此，选择法氏囊来源的肽BP7、β-葡聚糖和透明质酸作为佐剂，采用超声分散技术将其组装成复合纳米多肽佐剂（CNPB7）。结果表明，优化组装条件后，纳米颗粒CNPB7的最佳平均粒径为514.9 nm，多分散指数（PDI）为0.298。为评估纳米颗粒CNPB7的非特异性免疫反应，仅用纳米颗粒CNPB7对鸡进行免疫。证实纳米颗粒CNPB7增强了用其免疫的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞中CD3、CD4、CD80和CD86因子的表达。为研究纳米颗粒CNPB7的黏膜免疫反应，用新城疫病毒（NDV）-传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）双价疫苗和CNPB7对鸡进行口服免疫。结果证明，与疫苗对照组相比，用纳米颗粒CNPB7和疫苗免疫的鸡呼吸道和消化道黏液样本中的免疫球蛋白SIgA、IL-4、IFN-γ和IL-13水平显著升高。最后，观察到纳米颗粒CNPB7促进了免疫鸡体内针对NDV和IBV的特异性抗体产生增加。这些结果证明组装的纳米颗粒CNPB7可提高鸡的疫苗接种效果，为新型佐剂的开发提供了实验依据，并为预防禽类疾病的病毒传播提供了技术支持。
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