Dhaliwal Baldeep K, Mathew Joseph L, Obiagwu Patience N, Hill Rachel, Wonodi Chizoba B, Best Tyler, Shet Anita
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Aug 3;12(8):884. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080884.
Addressing missed opportunities for vaccination requires a nuanced and context-specific approach. The five-step P-Process provides a robust framework to develop a clearly defined strategy that addresses social and behavioral drivers, integrates into existing health delivery systems, and facilitates collaboration with local experts. This approach allows teams to design, implement, monitor, and evaluate strategies to address public health issues. However, its specific application in vaccination communication programs remains relatively underexplored and under-documented. Our team designed a multi-pronged communication intervention aimed at enhancing vaccine uptake among hospitalized children in two tertiary hospitals in India and Nigeria. In the Inquiry stage, we conducted in-depth interviews with caregivers of hospitalized children to assess barriers to vaccination in a hospital setting. In the Strategic Development stage, we developed a blueprint for activities, identifying target audiences and communication channels and developing implementation plans. During the Create and Test stage, we brought together a range of stakeholders to co-develop a communication intervention through human-centered design workshops, after which we piloted the materials in both hospitals. We then Mobilized and Monitored progress of the activities to identify potential gaps that our materials did not initially address. Lastly, in the Evaluate and Evolve stage, we conducted in-depth interviews with healthcare workers and caregivers to measure outcomes and assess the impact on caregivers' decisions to vaccinate their hospitalized children. By following the P-Process for the design, caregivers reported that many of their concerns about vaccines were alleviated, and HCWs reported that they were able to communicate with caregivers more effectively about vaccination. By harnessing the power of the P-Process, researchers can forge a context-specific path towards impactful vaccination communication interventions, one step at a time.
解决疫苗接种机会缺失问题需要一种细致入微且因地制宜的方法。五步P流程提供了一个强大的框架，用于制定明确的策略，该策略能够应对社会和行为驱动因素，融入现有的医疗服务体系，并促进与当地专家的合作。这种方法使团队能够设计、实施、监测和评估解决公共卫生问题的策略。然而，其在疫苗接种沟通项目中的具体应用仍相对缺乏探索和记录。我们的团队设计了一项多管齐下的沟通干预措施，旨在提高印度和尼日利亚两家三级医院住院儿童的疫苗接种率。在调查阶段，我们对住院儿童的看护人进行了深入访谈，以评估医院环境中疫苗接种的障碍。在战略制定阶段，我们制定了活动蓝图，确定目标受众和沟通渠道，并制定实施计划。在创建和测试阶段，我们召集了一系列利益相关者，通过以人为本的设计研讨会共同开发沟通干预措施，之后在两家医院对材料进行了试点。然后，我们动员并监测活动进展，以识别我们的材料最初未解决的潜在差距。最后，在评估和改进阶段，我们对医护人员和看护人进行了深入访谈，以衡量结果并评估对看护人决定为其住院儿童接种疫苗的影响。通过遵循设计的P流程，看护人报告说他们对疫苗的许多担忧得到了缓解，医护人员报告说他们能够就疫苗接种与看护人进行更有效的沟通。通过利用P流程的力量，研究人员可以一步一个脚印地打造一条针对具体情况的有效疫苗接种沟通干预之路。
