Sunagawa Tomimasa, Kobayashi Yusuke, Takashima Yoshihiro, Kamiya Hajime, Shimada Tomoe, Nakashima Kazutoshi, Arai Satoru, Taniguchi Kiyosu, Tanaka-Taya Keiko, Okabe Nobuhiko
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
Osaka University Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;12(8):939. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080939.
In Japan, periodic measles outbreaks occurred mainly among young children under the routine immunization program with one dose of the measles-containing vaccine (MCV). A second dose of MCV was introduced in 2006. During a nationwide measles resurgence in 2007-2008, the most affected age group was teenagers. The national serological surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases made it clear that there was a measles immunity gap among teenagers who had not received a second dose of MCV. To fill this immunity gap, nationwide non-selective supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) were carried out as a five-year program from April 2008 to March 2013 by providing an opportunity to be vaccinated with the measles and rubella vaccine during the first year of junior high school (12-13 years old) and the last year of high school (17-18 years old). The SIA was conducted with the strong involvement of local governments in charge of vaccination delivery and collaboration between the health and education sectors. Japan was verified as achieving measles elimination in 2015 and this has been sustained to date. The challenge of rubella elimination following a similar strategy of a serological diagnosis of an immunity gap and targeted vaccination is also discussed.
在日本，麻疹疫情周期性爆发，主要发生在接受一剂含麻疹疫苗（MCV）常规免疫接种计划的幼儿中。2006年引入了第二剂MCV。在2007 - 2008年全国麻疹疫情复发期间，受影响最严重的年龄组是青少年。全国性的疫苗可预防疾病血清学监测表明，未接种第二剂MCV的青少年中存在麻疹免疫缺口。为填补这一免疫缺口，从2008年4月至2013年3月实施了一项为期五年的全国性非选择性补充免疫活动（SIAs），为初中一年级（12 - 13岁）和高中最后一年（17 - 18岁）的学生提供接种麻疹风疹疫苗的机会。补充免疫活动在负责疫苗接种的地方政府的大力参与以及卫生和教育部门的协作下开展。日本在2015年被证实实现了麻疹消除，并且这一成果持续至今。还讨论了遵循类似策略，通过血清学诊断免疫缺口并进行针对性疫苗接种来消除风疹的挑战。
