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《2012-2020 年麻疹和风疹全球战略计划》中期审查。

Measles and Rubella Global Strategic Plan 2012-2020 midterm review.

机构信息

Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States.

The Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, United States.

出版信息

Vaccine. 2018 Jan 11;36 Suppl 1:A1-A34. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.026.

Abstract
  1. Measles eradication is the ultimate goal but it is premature to set a date for its accomplishment. Existing regional elimination goals should be vigorously pursued to enable setting a global target by 2020. 2. The basic strategic approaches articulated in the Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan 2012-2020 are valid to achieve the goals but have not been fully implemented (or not appropriately adapted to local situations). 3. The report recommends a shift from primary reliance on supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) to assure two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) are delivered to the target population to primary reliance on ongoing services to assure administration of two doses of MCV. Regular high quality SIAs will still be necessary while ongoing services are being strengthened. 4. The report recommends a shift from primary reliance on coverage to measure progress to incorporating disease incidence as a major indicator. 5. The report recommends that the measles/rubella vaccination program be considered an indicator for the quality of the overall immunization program and that measles/rubella incidence and measles and rubella vaccination coverage be considered as primary indicators of immunization program performance. 6. Polio transition presents both risks and opportunities: risks should be minimized and opportunities maximized. 7. A school entry immunization check could contribute significantly to strengthening overall immunization services with assurance that recommended doses of measles and rubella vaccines as well as other vaccines have been delivered and providing those vaccines at that time if the child is un- or under-vaccinated. 8. Program decisions should increasingly be based on good quality data and appropriate analysis. 9. The incorporation of rubella vaccination into the immunization program needs to be accelerated - it should be accorded equivalent emphasis as measles. 10. Outbreak investigation and response are critical but the most important thing is to prevent outbreaks.
摘要
  1. 消除麻疹是最终目标,但为其设定完成日期还为时过早。应大力追求现有的区域消除目标,以便能够在 2020 年设定全球目标。

  2. 2012-2020 年全球麻疹和风疹战略计划中阐述的基本战略方法对于实现这些目标是有效的,但尚未得到充分实施(或未适当地适应当地情况)。

  3. 该报告建议从主要依赖补充免疫活动(SIAs)转变为确保向目标人群提供两剂含麻疹疫苗(MCV),转而主要依赖正在进行的服务来确保两剂 MCV 的管理。在加强正在进行的服务的同时,仍将需要定期开展高质量的 SIAs。

  4. 该报告建议从主要依赖覆盖率转变为衡量进展情况,将疾病发病率纳入主要指标。

  5. 该报告建议将麻疹/风疹疫苗接种计划视为整个免疫计划质量的指标,并将麻疹/风疹发病率和麻疹和风疹疫苗接种覆盖率视为免疫计划绩效的主要指标。

  6. 脊髓灰质炎过渡既带来风险,也带来机遇:应尽量减少风险,最大限度地利用机会。

  7. 入学免疫检查可以大大有助于加强整体免疫服务,确保已为儿童接种了建议剂量的麻疹和风疹疫苗,如果儿童未接种或接种不足,还可以在此时提供这些疫苗。

  8. 计划决策应越来越基于高质量的数据和适当的分析。

  9. 必须加快将风疹疫苗纳入免疫计划——应给予与麻疹同等的重视。

  10. 暴发调查和应对至关重要,但最重要的是预防暴发。

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