Berikbol Nazira, Klivenko Alexey, Markin Vadim, Orazzhanova Lazzyat, Yelemessova Gulnur, Kassymova Zhanar
Department of Chemistry and Ecology, Research School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Shakarim University of Semey, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan.
Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Altai State University, Barnaul 656049, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;16(16):2373. doi: 10.3390/polym16162373.
The issue of water and wind erosion of soil remains critically important. Polymeric materials offer a promising solution to this problem. In this study, we prepared and applied an interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) composed of the biopolymers chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) for the structuring of forest sandy soils and the enhancement of the pre-sowing treatment of Scots pine ( L.) seeds. A nonstoichiometric IPEC [Chitosan]:[Na-CMC] = [3:7] was synthesized, and its composition was determined using gravimetry, turbidimetry, and rheoviscosimetry methods. Soil surface treatment with IPEC involved the sequential application of a chitosan polycation (0.006% /) and Na-CMC polyanion (0.02% /) relative to the air-dry soil weight. The prepared IPEC increased soil moisture by 77%, extended water retention time by sixfold, doubled the content of agronomically valuable soil fractions > 0.25 mm, enhanced soil resistance to water erosion by 64% and wind erosion by 81%, and improved the mechanical strength of the soil-polymer crust by 17.5 times. Additionally, IPEC application resulted in slight increases in the content of humus, mobile potassium, mobile phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and mineral salts in the soil while maintaining soil solution pH stability and significantly increasing nitrate nitrogen levels. The novel application technologies of biopolymers and IPEC led to a 16-25% improvement in Scots pine seed germination and seedling growth metrics.
土壤水蚀和风蚀问题仍然至关重要。高分子材料为解决这一问题提供了一个有前景的方案。在本研究中，我们制备并应用了一种由生物聚合物壳聚糖和羧甲基纤维素钠（Na-CMC）组成的聚电解质复合物（IPEC），用于森林沙质土壤的结构化以及增强欧洲赤松（Pinus sylvestris L.）种子的播前处理。合成了非化学计量的IPEC [壳聚糖]:[Na-CMC] = [3:7]，并使用重量法、比浊法和流变粘度法测定了其组成。用IPEC对土壤表面进行处理，是相对于风干土壤重量依次施用壳聚糖聚阳离子（0.006% /）和Na-CMC聚阴离子（0.02% /）。所制备的IPEC使土壤湿度增加了77%，保水时间延长了六倍，使粒径> 0.25 mm的具有农学价值的土壤组分含量增加了一倍，土壤抗水蚀能力提高了64%，抗风蚀能力提高了81%，并使土壤-聚合物结皮的机械强度提高了17.5倍。此外，施用IPEC导致土壤中腐殖质、速效钾、速效磷、铵态氮和矿质盐的含量略有增加，同时保持土壤溶液pH值稳定，并显著提高硝态氮水平。生物聚合物和IPEC的新型应用技术使欧洲赤松种子发芽率和幼苗生长指标提高了16 - 25%。
