Novoskoltseva Olga A, Belov Andrey A, Loiko Nataliya G, Nikolaev Yury A, Panova Irina G, Yaroslavov Alexander A
Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Dec 8;14(24):5383. doi: 10.3390/polym14245383.
A linear anionic polysaccharide, sodium alginate, electrostatically interacts with a cationic polysaccharide, quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ethoxylate, in aqueous solution, thus giving an interpolyelectrolyte complex. Aqueous solutions of the initial polysaccharides and polycomplexes with an excess of the cationic or anionic polymers were used for the stabilization of soil and sand against water erosion. Physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of the polymers and coatings were characterized by gravimetric analysis, viscosimetry, mechanical strength assessment, cell viability, and cell-mediated degradation with the following main conclusions. (a) Non-stoichiometric polycomplexes with an excess of cationic or anionic units ("cationic" and "anionic" polycomplexes, respectively) form transparent solutions or stable-in-time dispersions. (b) The complexation results in a decrease in the viscosity of polymer solutions. (c) A complete dissociation of polycomplexes to the initial components is achieved in a 0.2 M NaCl solution. (d) Soil/sand treatment with 1 wt% aqueous solutions of polymers or polycomplexes and further drying lead to the formation of strong composite coatings from polymer(s) and soil/sand particles. (e) Cationic polycomplexes form stronger coatings in comparison with anionic polycomplexes. (f) The polymer-soil coatings are stable towards re-watering, while the polymer-sand coatings show a much lower resistance to water. (g) The individual polysaccharides demonstrate a negligible toxicity to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. (h) The addition of culture initiates the degradation of the polysaccharides and polycomplexes. (i) Films from polysaccharides and polycomplexes decompose down to small fragments after being in soil for 6 weeks. The results of the work are of importance for constructing water-resistant, low toxicity and biodegradable protective coatings for soil and sand.
线性阴离子多糖海藻酸钠在水溶液中与阳离子多糖季铵化羟乙基纤维素乙氧基化物发生静电相互作用，从而形成聚电解质复合物。初始多糖以及含有过量阳离子或阴离子聚合物的聚复合物的水溶液被用于稳定土壤和沙子以防止水蚀。通过重量分析、粘度测定、机械强度评估、细胞活力以及细胞介导的降解对聚合物和涂层的物理化学、机械和生物学性质进行了表征，得出以下主要结论：(a) 含有过量阳离子或阴离子单元的非化学计量聚复合物（分别为“阳离子”和“阴离子”聚复合物）形成透明溶液或随时间稳定的分散体。(b) 络合作用导致聚合物溶液粘度降低。(c) 在0.2M氯化钠溶液中，聚复合物完全解离为初始成分。(d) 用1wt%的聚合物或聚复合物水溶液处理土壤/沙子并进一步干燥，会导致由聚合物和土壤/沙子颗粒形成坚固的复合涂层。(e) 与阴离子聚复合物相比，阳离子聚复合物形成的涂层更强。(f) 聚合物-土壤涂层对再次浇水具有稳定性，而聚合物-沙子涂层对水的耐受性要低得多。(g) 单独的多糖对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌和酵母的毒性可忽略不计。(h) 添加培养物会引发多糖和聚复合物的降解。(i) 多糖和聚复合物制成的薄膜在土壤中放置6周后会分解成小碎片。这项工作的结果对于构建用于土壤和沙子的防水、低毒且可生物降解的保护涂层具有重要意义。
