Mao Zhiwen, Ren Jie, Li Hanying
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;16(16):2379. doi: 10.3390/polym16162379.
The non-uniformity of a single crystal can sometimes be found in biominerals, where surrounding biomacromolecules are incorporated into the growing crystals. This unique composite structure, combining heterogeneity and long-range ordering, enables the functionalization of single crystals. Polymer gel media are often used to prepare composite single crystals, in which the growing crystals incorporate gel networks and form a bi-continuous interpenetrating structure without any disruption to single crystallinity. Moreover, dyes and many kinds of nanoparticles can be occluded into single crystals under the guidance of gel incorporation. On this basis, the bio-inspired method has been applied in crystal morphology control, crystal dyeing, mechanical reinforcement, and organic bulk heterojunction-based optoelectronics. In this paper, the composite structure, the incorporation mechanisms, and the multiple functions of gel-incorporated single crystals are reviewed.
在生物矿物中有时会发现单晶的不均匀性，其中周围的生物大分子会融入正在生长的晶体中。这种独特的复合结构，兼具异质性和长程有序性，实现了单晶的功能化。聚合物凝胶介质常被用于制备复合单晶，在其中生长的晶体融入凝胶网络并形成双连续互穿结构，而不会对单晶性造成任何破坏。此外，在凝胶掺入的引导下，染料和多种纳米颗粒可以被包埋到单晶中。在此基础上，仿生方法已应用于晶体形态控制、晶体染色、机械增强以及基于有机本体异质结的光电子学。本文综述了凝胶掺入单晶的复合结构、掺入机制和多种功能。
