Kolesova Maria A, Tyryshkin Lev G
Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya, Str. 42-44, 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 8;13(16):2199. doi: 10.3390/plants13162199.
Leaf rust (caused by Erikss., ) is a severe foliar disease of cultivated wheat worldwide. Severe development of the disease results in significant losses in seed yield and quality. Growing immune varieties is the most rational method for control in terms of effectiveness and ecological safety. However, the gene pool of cultivated wheat is very narrow for seedling effective resistance genes, which hampers breeding for this trait. One of the well-known methods to broaden genetic diversity for resistance is the introgression of highly effective genes from wild relatives into the genomes of cultivated wheat. The L. species have been proven to be perfectly suited for this purpose. No gene for resistance has been transferred to wheat from Vis. (Lorent's goatgrass) up to now. Previously, we selected eight accessions of the species from the VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) genebank that showed a perfect level of resistance to leaf rust. In this research, we studied the genetic control of resistance using hybridological, phytopathological, and molecular analyses. According to the F-F hybrid evaluation results, each accession possesses one dominant gene for resistance, and genes in different accessions are allelic or very tightly linked. Phytopathological test clone analysis showed that this gene is not identical to , , , , and , which are effective against populations in some areas of Russia. This conclusion was partially supported by the results of the identification of DNA markers specific to these genes in bread wheat. Thus, we identified one dominant gene (temporarily symbolized as ) for effective seedling resistance; it is recommended for introgression to cultivated wheat via interspecific hybridization.
叶锈病（由Erikss.引起）是全球范围内栽培小麦的一种严重叶部病害。该病的严重发生会导致种子产量和质量大幅下降。就有效性和生态安全性而言，种植免疫品种是最合理的防治方法。然而，栽培小麦的基因库中用于幼苗有效抗性基因的范围非常狭窄，这阻碍了该性状的育种工作。拓宽抗性遗传多样性的一种著名方法是将野生近缘种的高效基因导入栽培小麦的基因组中。已证明L.物种非常适合此目的。到目前为止，尚未有来自Vis.（洛伦氏山羊草）的抗叶锈病基因转移到小麦中。此前，我们从VIR（N.I.瓦维洛夫全俄植物遗传资源研究所）基因库中选择了该物种的八个种质，它们对叶锈病表现出完美的抗性水平。在本研究中，我们使用杂交学、植物病理学和分子分析方法研究了抗性的遗传控制。根据F - F杂种评估结果，每个种质都拥有一个抗叶锈病的显性基因，不同种质中的基因是等位基因或紧密连锁。植物病理学测试克隆分析表明，该基因与在俄罗斯一些地区对叶锈菌群体有效的、、、和不同。面包小麦中这些基因特异性DNA标记的鉴定结果部分支持了这一结论。因此，我们鉴定出一个有效的幼苗抗叶锈病显性基因（暂时符号化为）；建议通过种间杂交将其导入栽培小麦。
