Gao Chengcheng, Liu Chenggong, Chen Cun, Liu Ning, Liu Fenfen, Su Xiaohua, Huang Qinjun
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 11;13(16):2228. doi: 10.3390/plants13162228.
Bartr. ex Marsh. represents a valuable genetic resource for fast-growing plantations in temperate regions. It holds significant cultivation and breeding potential in northern China. To establish an efficient breeding population of poplar, we studied the genetic variation of from different provenances. Our focus was on genotypes exhibiting high growth rates and efficient water and nutrient use efficiency (WUE and NUE). We evaluated 256 one-year-old seedlings from six provenances, measuring height, ground diameter, total biomass, and leaf carbon and nitrogen isotope abundance (δC and δN). Our analytical methods included variance analysis, multiple comparisons, mixed linear models, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of variation was highest for δN and lowest for δC among all traits. Except for δN, the effects of intra- and inter-provenance were highly significant ( < 0.01). The rates of variation for all traits ranged from 78.36% to 99.49% for intra-provenance and from 0.51% to 21.64% for inter-provenance. The heritability of all traits in AQ provenance was over 0.65, and all exhibited the highest level except for seedling height. All traits were significantly positively correlated with each other ( < 0.05), while ground diameter, total biomass, and WUE were highly significantly negatively correlated with latitude ( < 0.01). After a comprehensive evaluation, two provenances and eight genotypes were selected. The genetic gains for seedling height, ground diameter, total biomass, WUE, and NUE were 27.46 cm (178-2-106), 3.85 mm (178-2-141), 16.40 g (178-2-141), 0.852‱ (LA05-N15), and 3.145‱ (174-1-2), respectively. Overall, we revealed that the abundant genetic variation in populations mainly comes from intra-provenance differences and evaluated provenances and genotypes. The results of this study will contribute to optimizing and enhancing the breeding process of Chinese poplar and improving the productivity of fast-growing plantations.
巴氏杨（学名：Populus × bartrinii）是温带地区速生人工林的宝贵遗传资源。在中国北方，它具有巨大的栽培和育种潜力。为了建立一个高效的杨树育种群体，我们研究了不同种源巴氏杨的遗传变异。我们重点关注那些生长速度快、水分和养分利用效率（WUE和NUE）高的基因型。我们评估了来自六个种源的256株一年生幼苗，测量了苗高、地径、总生物量以及叶片碳氮同位素丰度（δC和δN）。我们的分析方法包括方差分析、多重比较、混合线性模型、相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明，所有性状中δN的变异系数最高，δC的变异系数最低。除δN外，种源内和种源间的效应均极显著（P < 0.01）。所有性状的种源内变异率在78.36%至99.49%之间，种源间变异率在0.51%至21.64%之间。AQ种源所有性状的遗传力均超过0.65，除苗高外均表现出最高水平。所有性状之间均呈显著正相关（P < 0.05），而地径、总生物量和WUE与纬度呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01）。综合评估后，筛选出了两个种源和八个基因型。苗高、地径、总生物量、WUE和NUE的遗传增益分别为27.46厘米（178 - 2 - 106）、3.85毫米（178 - 2 - 141）、16.40克（178 - 2 - 141）、0.852‰（LA05 - N15）和3.145‰（174 - 1 - 2）。总体而言，我们揭示了巴氏杨群体丰富的遗传变异主要来自种源内差异，并对种源和基因型进行了评估。本研究结果将有助于优化和加强中国杨树的育种过程，提高速生人工林的生产力。
