Chetverikov Sergey, Kuzina Elena, Feoktistova Arina, Timergalin Maxim, Rameev Timur, Bakaeva Margarita, Zaitsev Gleb, Davydychev Alexandr, Korshunova Tatyana
Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 18;13(16):2297. doi: 10.3390/plants13162297.
Most chemical pesticides, in addition to their main functions (protection against diseases, weeds, and pests), also have a noticeable inhibitory effect on target crops. In a laboratory experiment and two-year field experiments (Russia, Trans-Urals), a study was made of the effect of the biopreparation Azolen ( IB-4) on plants of the Ekada 113 wheat variety under conditions of drought and stress caused by the exposure to the herbicide Chistalan (2.4-D and dicamba). The biopreparation and the herbicide were used separately and together on wheat during the tillering phase. Treatment with the biological preparation under stressful conditions had a significant effect on the hormonal balance of plants (a decrease in the amount of abscisic acid and a normalization of the balance of indolyl-3-acetic acid and cytokinins in shoots and roots of plants was noted), while the osmoprotective, antioxidant, and photosynthetic systems of plants were activated. In drought conditions, the treatment of plants with biological preparation prevented the inhibition of root growth caused by the use of the herbicide. This, in turn, improved the absorption of water by plants and ensured an increase in wheat yield (1.6 times). The results obtained give reason to believe that microbiological preparations can be used as antidotes that weaken the phytotoxic effect of herbicidal treatments, including in drought conditions.
大多数化学农药除了具有主要功能（防治病虫害、杂草）外，对目标作物也有明显的抑制作用。在一项实验室试验和两项为期两年的田间试验（俄罗斯，跨乌拉尔地区）中，研究了生物制剂Azolen（IB - 4）在干旱以及接触除草剂Chistalan（2,4 - D和麦草畏）所造成的胁迫条件下，对Ekada 113小麦品种植株的影响。在小麦分蘖期分别单独使用以及同时使用了该生物制剂和除草剂。在胁迫条件下用生物制剂处理对植株的激素平衡有显著影响（注意到脱落酸含量减少，植株地上部分和根部的吲哚 - 3 - 乙酸和细胞分裂素平衡恢复正常），同时植株的渗透保护、抗氧化和光合系统被激活。在干旱条件下，用生物制剂处理植株可防止因使用除草剂而导致的根系生长受抑制。这反过来又改善了植株对水分的吸收，并确保小麦产量提高（1.6倍）。所获得的结果有理由让人相信，微生物制剂可用作解毒剂，以减轻除草处理的植物毒性作用，包括在干旱条件下。
