Masood Asim, Khan Sheen, Mir Iqbal R, Anjum Naser A, Rasheed Faisal, Al-Hashimi Abdulrahman, Khan Nafees A
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 19;13(16):2307. doi: 10.3390/plants13162307.
The current study explored the differential interaction between ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) in relation to salt stress in mustard ( L.) plants. Significant reductions in seed germination, growth, and photosynthesis were observed with 100 mmol NaCl. Among the cultivars tested, the Pusa Vijay cultivar was noted as ET-sensitive. Pusa Vijay responded maximally to an application of 2.0 mmol ethephon (Eth; 2-chloethyl phosphonic acid-ethylene source), and exhibited the greatest growth, photosynthesis, activity of 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS), and ET evolution. Notably, Eth (2.0 mmol) more significantly improved the seed germination percentage, germination and vigor index, amylase activity, and reduced HO content under salt stress, while ABA (25 µmol) had negative effects. Moreover, the individual application of Eth and ABA on Pusa Vijay under both optimal and salt-stressed conditions increased the growth and photosynthetic attributes, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation, and antioxidant defense machinery. The addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (0.01 µmol AVG, ET biosynthesis inhibitor) to ABA + NaCl-treated plants further added to the effects of ABA on parameters related to seed germination and resulted in less effectiveness of growth and photosynthesis. In contrast, the effects of Eth were seen with the addition of fluoridone (25 µmol Flu, ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) to Eth + NaCl. Thus, it can be suggested that ET is crucial for alleviating salt-induced inhibition in seed germination, growth, and photosynthesis, while ABA collaborated with ET to offer protection by regulating nutrient assimilation and enhancing antioxidant metabolism. These findings provide insight into the complex regulatory processes involved in ET-ABA interaction, enhancing our understanding of plant growth and development and the mitigation of salt stress in mustard. It opens pathways for developing hormonal-based strategies to improve crop productivity and resilience, ultimately benefiting agricultural practices amidst a challenging environment.
本研究探讨了乙烯（ET）与脱落酸（ABA）在芥菜（L.）植株盐胁迫方面的差异相互作用。在100 mmol NaCl处理下，观察到种子萌发、生长和光合作用显著降低。在所测试的品种中，Pusa Vijay品种被认为对ET敏感。Pusa Vijay对2.0 mmol乙烯利（Eth；2-氯乙基膦酸 - 乙烯源）的施用反应最大，表现出最大的生长、光合作用、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸（ACC）合酶（ACS）活性和ET释放。值得注意的是，在盐胁迫下，Eth（2.0 mmol）更显著地提高了种子发芽率、发芽和活力指数、淀粉酶活性，并降低了HO含量，而ABA（25 µmol）则有负面影响。此外，在最佳和盐胁迫条件下，单独对Pusa Vijay施用Eth和ABA均增加了生长和光合特性、氮（N）和硫（S）同化以及抗氧化防御机制。向ABA + NaCl处理的植株中添加氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸（0.01 µmol AVG，ET生物合成抑制剂）进一步增强了ABA对种子萌发相关参数的影响，并导致生长和光合作用的效果降低。相反，在Eth + NaCl中添加氟啶酮（25 µmol Flu，ABA生物合成抑制剂）则观察到Eth的效果。因此，可以认为ET对于缓解盐诱导的种子萌发、生长和光合作用抑制至关重要，而ABA与ET协同作用，通过调节养分同化和增强抗氧化代谢来提供保护。这些发现为深入了解ET - ABA相互作用中涉及的复杂调控过程提供了见解，增强了我们对芥菜植物生长发育以及盐胁迫缓解的理解。它为制定基于激素的策略以提高作物生产力和抗逆性开辟了途径，最终在具有挑战性的环境中使农业实践受益。
