Handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Undried Forage Quality Estimation.

This study investigates the efficacy of handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) devices for in-field estimation of forage quality using undried samples. The objective is to assess the precision and accuracy of multiple handheld NIRS instruments-NeoSpectra, TrinamiX, and AgroCares-when evaluating key forage quality metrics such as Crude Protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (aNDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL), in vitro Total Digestibility (IVTD)and Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility (NDFD). Samples were collected from silage bunkers across 111 farms in New York State and scanned using different methods (static, moving, and turntable). The results demonstrate that dynamic scanning patterns (moving and turntable) enhance the predictive accuracy of the models compared to static scans. Fiber constituents (ADF, aNDF) and Crude Protein (CP) show higher robustness and minimal impact from water interference, maintaining similar R2 values as dried samples. Conversely, IVTD, NDFD, and ADL are adversely affected by water content, resulting in lower R2 values. This study underscores the importance of understanding the water effects on undried forage, as water's high absorption bands at 1400 and 1900 nm introduce significant spectral interference. Further investigation into the PLSR loading factors is necessary to mitigate these effects. The findings suggest that, while handheld NIRS devices hold promise for rapid, on-site forage quality assessment, careful consideration of scanning methodology is crucial for accurate prediction models. This research contributes valuable insights for optimizing the use of portable NIRS technology in forage analysis, enhancing feed utilization efficiency, and supporting sustainable dairy farming practices.