Dauda Abdulkadir, Flauzac Olivier, Nolot Florent
LAB-I*, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Aug 17;24(16):5320. doi: 10.3390/s24165320.
The proliferation of the IoT has led to the development of diverse application architectures to optimize IoT systems' deployment, operation, and maintenance. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the existing IoT application architectures, highlighting their key features, strengths, and limitations. The architectures are categorized based on their deployment models, such as cloud, edge, and fog computing approaches, each offering distinct advantages regarding scalability, latency, and resource efficiency. Cloud architectures leverage centralized data processing and storage capabilities to support large-scale IoT applications but often suffer from high latency and bandwidth constraints. Edge architectures mitigate these issues by bringing computation closer to the data source, enhancing real-time processing, and reducing network congestion. Fog architectures combine the strengths of both cloud and edge paradigms, offering a balanced solution for complex IoT environments. This survey also examines emerging trends and technologies in IoT application management, such as the solutions provided by the major IoT service providers like Intel, AWS, Microsoft Azure, and GCP. Through this study, the survey identifies latency, privacy, and deployment difficulties as key areas for future research. It highlights the need to advance IoT Edge architectures to reduce network traffic, improve data privacy, and enhance interoperability by developing multi-application and multi-protocol edge gateways for efficient IoT application management.
物联网的蓬勃发展促使了多种应用架构的出现，以优化物联网系统的部署、运行和维护。本综述全面概述了现有的物联网应用架构，突出了它们的关键特性、优势和局限性。这些架构根据其部署模型进行分类，如云、边缘和雾计算方法，每种方法在可扩展性、延迟和资源效率方面都有独特的优势。云架构利用集中式数据处理和存储能力来支持大规模物联网应用，但往往存在高延迟和带宽限制问题。边缘架构通过将计算靠近数据源来缓解这些问题，增强实时处理能力并减少网络拥塞。雾架构结合了云和边缘范式的优势，为复杂的物联网环境提供了一个平衡的解决方案。本综述还研究了物联网应用管理中的新兴趋势和技术，例如英特尔、亚马逊云服务、微软Azure和谷歌云平台等主要物联网服务提供商提供的解决方案。通过这项研究，综述确定延迟、隐私和部署困难是未来研究的关键领域。它强调了推进物联网边缘架构的必要性，通过开发用于高效物联网应用管理的多应用和多协议边缘网关来减少网络流量、改善数据隐私并增强互操作性。
