Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University.
Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen.
Neuropsychology. 2024 Oct;38(7):665-678. doi: 10.1037/neu0000955. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
We aimed to estimate the association of age, education, and sex/gender with semantic fluency performance as measured by the standard total number of words as well as novel item-level metrics and to descriptively compare associations across cohorts with different recruitment strategies and sample compositions.
Cross-sectional data from 2,391 individuals from three cohorts were used: Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a community-based cohort; Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-Magnetic Resonance, a clinic-based cohort; and African American Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Study, a volunteer-based cohort. Total number of correct words and six item-level semantic fluency metrics were included as main outcomes: average cluster size, number of cluster switches, lexical/Zipf frequency, age of acquisition, and lexical decision response time. General linear models were run separately in each cohort to model the association between sociodemographic variables and semantic fluency metrics.
Across cohorts, older age was associated with a lower total score and fewer cluster switches. Higher level of education was associated with naming more words, performing more cluster switches, and naming words with a longer lexical decision response time, lower frequency of occurrence, or later age of acquisition. Being female compared to male was associated with naming fewer words, smaller cluster sizes, naming words with a longer lexical decision response time, and lower age of acquisition. The effects varied in strength but were in a similar direction across cohorts.
Item-level semantic fluency metrics-similar to the standard total score-are sensitive to the effects of age, education, and sex/gender. The results suggest geographical, cultural, and cross-linguistic generalizability of these sociodemographic effects on semantic fluency performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
我们旨在评估年龄、教育程度和性别/性别与语义流畅性表现的关联，该表现通过标准的总词汇数以及新颖的项目级别指标来衡量，并描述性地比较具有不同招募策略和样本组成的队列之间的关联。
使用来自三个队列的 2391 名个体的横断面数据：华盛顿高地/因伍德哥伦比亚老龄化项目，一个基于社区的队列；第二次动脉疾病表现磁共振队列，一个基于诊所的队列；以及非裔美国人阿尔茨海默病遗传学研究，一个志愿者为基础的队列。总词汇数和六个项目级别的语义流畅性指标被包括作为主要结果：平均聚类大小、聚类切换次数、词汇/Zipf 频率、习得年龄和词汇判断反应时间。分别在每个队列中运行一般线性模型，以模型化社会人口统计学变量与语义流畅性指标之间的关联。
在所有队列中，年龄越大，总得分越低，聚类切换次数越少。较高的教育程度与命名更多的词汇、执行更多的聚类切换、命名词汇具有更长的词汇判断反应时间、更低的出现频率或更晚的习得年龄有关。与男性相比，女性与命名较少的词汇、较小的聚类大小、命名词汇具有更长的词汇判断反应时间以及更低的习得年龄有关。这些效果的强度有所不同，但在队列之间的方向是相似的。
项目级别的语义流畅性指标-类似于标准的总得分-对年龄、教育程度和性别/性别有影响。这些结果表明，这些社会人口统计学因素对语义流畅性表现的影响具有地理、文化和跨语言的普遍性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
