Catone Gennaro, Senese Vincenzo Paolo, Pascotto Antonio, Pisano Simone, Broome Matthew R
Department of Educational, Psychological and Communication Sciences, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Apr;34(4):1415-1424. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02563-y. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
Paranoia is the erroneous idea that people are targeting you for harm, and the cognitive model suggests that symptoms increase with emotional and relational distress. A factor potentially associated with paranoia is mistrust, a milder form of suspiciousness. This study investigated the longitudinal course of non-clinical paranoia in a sample of 739 students (age range 10-12 at baseline assessment, 12-14 at second assessment) using data from the Social Mistrust Scale (SMS) and the paranoia subscale of the Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ). Prevalence of mistrustful and high paranoia children was 14.6 and 15% respectively. Independently, baseline internalizing symptoms (b = 0.241, p < 0.001) and mistrust (b = 0.240, p < 0.001) longitudinally predict paranoia after controlling for confounders. The interaction of mistrust and internalizing symptoms at T1 increases the possibility of the onset of paranoia at T2. Therefore, the effect of mistrust on paranoia is more marked when internalizing symptoms are higher. Our results confirm the role of mistrust as a factor involved in the developmental trajectory of paranoia in adolescence, enhanced by the presence of internalizing symptoms. The implications of these results are both theoretical and clinical, as they add developmental information to the cognitive model of paranoia and suggests the assessment and clinical management of mistrust and internalizing symptoms in youth may be useful with the aim of reducing the risk of psychotic experiences.
偏执是一种错误的观念，认为有人针对你进行伤害，而认知模型表明，症状会随着情绪和人际关系困扰而增加。与偏执可能相关的一个因素是不信任，这是一种较为轻微的怀疑形式。本研究使用社会不信任量表（SMS）和特定精神病体验问卷（SPEQ）的偏执分量表的数据，对739名学生（基线评估时年龄范围为10 - 12岁，第二次评估时为12 - 14岁）样本中的非临床偏执的纵向病程进行了调查。不信任和高度偏执儿童的患病率分别为14.6%和15%。独立来看，在控制混杂因素后，基线内化症状（b = 0.241，p < 0.001）和不信任（b = 0.240，p < 0.001）纵向预测偏执。T1时不信任与内化症状的相互作用增加了T2时偏执发作的可能性。因此，当内化症状较高时，不信任对偏执的影响更为显著。我们的结果证实了不信任作为一个因素在青少年偏执发展轨迹中的作用，内化症状的存在会增强这种作用。这些结果的意义既有理论性的，也有临床性的，因为它们为偏执的认知模型增添了发展信息，并表明对青少年的不信任和内化症状进行评估和临床管理，可能有助于降低精神病体验的风险。
