Institute of Physiology, Department Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Adv Neurobiol. 2024;37:123-133. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_7.
Intracellular Ca signalling represents the substrate of microglial excitability. Spatially and temporally organised changes in the free cytoplasmic Ca concentration ([Ca]) are generated in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Parameters of these intracellular Ca signals are defined by Ca signalling toolkits that may change with age or context therefore increasing adaptive capabilities of microglia. Main Ca signalling pathways in microglial cells are associated with dynamic endoplasmic reticulum Ca stores and with plasmalemmal Ca entry mediated by several sets of Ca-permeable channels including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, ORAI channels and P2X purinoceptors. Microglial Ca dynamics is also linked to TREM2 signalling cascade, contributing to neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial Ca signals act as reliable and precise sensors of brain dyshomeostasis and pathological insults.
细胞内 Ca 信号代表小胶质细胞兴奋性的基础。游离细胞质 Ca 浓度 ([Ca]) 的空间和时间组织变化是对生理和病理刺激的反应。这些细胞内 Ca 信号的参数由 Ca 信号工具包定义，这些工具包可能随年龄或环境而变化，从而提高小胶质细胞的适应能力。小胶质细胞中的主要 Ca 信号通路与动态内质网 Ca 储存以及由几类 Ca 渗透性通道介导的质膜 Ca 内流有关，包括瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 通道、ORAI 通道和 P2X 嘌呤能受体。小胶质细胞 Ca 动力学也与 Trem2 信号级联相关，有助于神经退行性疾病中的神经保护。小胶质细胞 Ca 信号作为脑内稳态失调和病理损伤的可靠和精确传感器。
