Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 29;19(8):e0309564. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309564. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue, predominantly among women in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. Existing evidence indicates high rates of IPV perpetration and its associated adverse health outcomes. Despite previous studies, reliance on old data underscores the need for current, nationally representative data to inform policy-making and interventions. Therefore, this study utilizes the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) to examine IPV experiences and associated factors, aiming to provide updated insights for effective IPV mitigation strategies in Ghana. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of a weighted sample of 3,741 women between the ages of 15-49 years old from the 2022 GDHS. Binary logistic regression analysis was used in predicting the outcome. RESULTS: The study found that 36.4 percent of women in Ghana had experienced some form of IPV, primarily emotional violence (31.5%), physical violence (17.3%), and sexual violence (7.6%). Women with higher levels of education had a significantly reduced risk of 60% of experiencing some form of IPV than those with no formal education. Partner domineering behaviours, such as women whose partners often get jealous for seeing them talk with other men [adjusted OR:1.76, 95%CI:1.25,2.48], accusing them of unfaithfulness [adjusted OR:2.59, 95%CI:1.03,2.46], not permitting them to meet female friends [adjusted OR:1.1.59, 95%CI:1.03,2.46], and limiting their contact with family [adjusted OR:5.75, 95%CI:2.27,13.42], were more likely to experience at least one form of IPV. Similarly, women who justified or endorsed wife beating had a higher likelihood [aOR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.22,2.02] of experiencing at least one form of IPV than those who did not endorse such behaviour. CONCLUSION: Identifying educational attainment, partner dominance, and violence endorsement as IPV predictors underscore targeted interventions. Promoting women's education bolsters empowerment and IPV prevention. Addressing dominance through education, counselling, and legal frameworks is crucial for fostering safer relationships and challenging violence normalization.
引言：亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是一个重大的公共卫生问题，尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲国家，包括加纳。现有证据表明，该地区存在较高的 IPV 发生率及其相关的不良健康后果。尽管已有先前的研究，但依赖旧数据突显了获取当前、全国代表性数据的必要性，以支持政策制定和干预措施。因此，本研究利用 2022 年加纳人口与健康调查（GDHS），探讨 IPV 的经历和相关因素，旨在为加纳有效减轻 IPV 提供最新见解。
方法：这是一项横断面研究，对 2022 年 GDHS 中年龄在 15-49 岁之间的 3741 名女性进行了加权样本分析。采用二元逻辑回归分析预测结果。
结果：研究发现，加纳 36.4%的女性经历过某种形式的 IPV，主要为情感暴力（31.5%）、身体暴力（17.3%）和性暴力（7.6%）。受教育程度较高的女性经历某种形式 IPV 的风险显著降低了 60%，而未接受正规教育的女性风险较高。伴侣专横行为，如经常因为看到女性与其他男性交谈而嫉妒的伴侣[调整后的 OR：1.76，95%CI：1.25，2.48]、指责她们不忠诚[调整后的 OR：2.59，95%CI：1.03，2.46]、不允许她们与女性朋友见面[调整后的 OR：1.15，95%CI：1.03，2.46]和限制她们与家人的联系[调整后的 OR：5.75，95%CI：2.27，13.42]，更有可能经历至少一种形式的 IPV。同样，那些为打妻子行为辩护或认可这种行为的女性[调整后的 OR = 1.57，95%CI = 1.22，2.02]比那些不认可这种行为的女性更有可能经历至少一种形式的 IPV。
结论：确定教育程度、伴侣专横和对暴力的认可作为 IPV 的预测因素，突出了有针对性的干预措施。促进女性教育可以增强她们的权能和预防 IPV。通过教育、咨询和法律框架解决专横行为，对于培养更安全的关系和挑战暴力正常化至关重要。
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