Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Ste 300, West Bank Office Bldg, 1300 South 2nd St, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (
Prev Chronic Dis. 2024 Aug 29;21:E66. doi: 10.5888/pcd21.240121.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) emergency allotments and emergency rent assistance provided support to low-income households. Rent burden, a form of housing insecurity, can severely limit household resources, which, in turn, affects health equity. We explored whether these policy interventions equitably supported households that were or were not experiencing rent burden.
We used data from the US Household Pulse Survey (June 2022-May 2023) to examine whether associations between emergency support policies and indicators of food and housing security differed according to household rent burden status. We modeled each outcome (food sufficiency or being current on rent) as a function of policy exposure (SNAP emergency allotments or emergency rent assistance), rent burden, and their interaction. We included demographic characteristics, state of residence, and survey cycle as covariates. We modeled each outcome and policy exposure combination separately.
Receiving emergency allotments (72.4% vs 67.2% for SNAP participants in states with and without emergency allotments, respectively) and emergency rent assistance (64.5% vs 57.6% for households that received and were waitlisted/denied assistance, respectively) were associated with greater food sufficiency. The relationship between emergency allotments and food sufficiency was stronger in rent-burdened households; however, emergency rent assistance supported food sufficiency to a greater extent in non-rent-burdened households. Emergency rent assistance supported households in being current on rent (78.7% vs 56.4% for households that received and were waitlisted/denied assistance, respectively) and supported being current on rent to a greater extent in non-rent-burdened households than in rent-burdened households.
The relationship between emergency support policies and food or housing security differed according to whether households were experiencing rent burden. Associations were sometimes stronger in less economically constrained conditions. These results indicate an opportunity to better design policies to support low-income households, address food and housing security, and ultimately decrease the prevalence of chronic disease.
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，补充营养援助计划（SNAP）紧急拨款和紧急租金援助为低收入家庭提供了支持。租金负担是住房不安全的一种形式，它会严重限制家庭资源，进而影响健康公平。我们探讨了这些政策干预措施是否公平地支持了有或没有租金负担的家庭。
我们使用美国家庭脉搏调查（2022 年 6 月至 2023 年 5 月）的数据，研究了紧急支持政策与食品和住房安全指标之间的关联是否因家庭租金负担状况而异。我们将每个结果（食品充足或按时支付租金）建模为政策暴露（SNAP 紧急拨款或紧急租金援助）、租金负担及其相互作用的函数。我们包括人口统计学特征、居住州和调查周期作为协变量。我们分别对每个结果和政策暴露组合进行建模。
获得紧急拨款（获得紧急拨款的 SNAP 参与者分别为 72.4%和 67.2%，而在有和没有紧急拨款的州）和紧急租金援助（获得援助的家庭分别为 64.5%和 57.6%，而等待/被拒绝援助的家庭）与更大的食品充足度相关。紧急拨款与食品充足度的关系在有租金负担的家庭中更强；然而，紧急租金援助在无租金负担的家庭中对食品充足度的支持更大。紧急租金援助支持租户按时交租（获得援助的家庭分别为 78.7%和 56.4%，而等待/被拒绝援助的家庭），并且在无租金负担的家庭中比在有租金负担的家庭中更能支持租户按时交租。
紧急支持政策与食品或住房安全之间的关系因家庭是否有租金负担而异。在经济约束较小的情况下，关联有时更强。这些结果表明，有机会更好地设计政策来支持低收入家庭，解决食品和住房安全问题，并最终降低慢性病的患病率。
