School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan.
Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Oct 1;284:116962. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116962. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), widely used globally, were initially considered harmless to humans. Experimental studies have suggested that these substances can disrupt iron homeostasis by interfering with iron uptake or triggering inflammatory responses. However, their potential impact on human iron homeostasis remains underexplored.
We analyzed data from 5812 participants aged three and older from the 2013 to 2018 NHANES. We investigated the relationships between urinary glyphosate levels, oral iron intake, and markers of iron homeostasis, including serum iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, ferritin, and transferrin receptor. Higher urinary glyphosate levels were positively associated with oral iron intake (β = 1.310, S.E. = 0.382, P = 0.001). A one-unit increase in the natural logarithm (ln)-glyphosate was associated with lower serum iron (β = - 4.236, 95 % CI = - 6.432 to - 2.039, P < 0.001) and ferritin (β = - 9.994, 95 % CI = - 17.342 to - 2.647, P = 0.009), and higher UIBC (β = 5.431, 95 % CI = 1.061-9.800, P = 0.018) and transferrin receptor levels (β = 0.139, 95 % CI = 0.015-0.263, P = 0.029). Increasing glyphosate exposure was associated with significant decreases in serum iron and ferritin across exposure quintiles (trend P-values = 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).
Higher glyphosate exposure is associated with reduced iron availability, suggesting potential disruptions in iron absorption. These findings underscore the need for further research into the health implications of glyphosate exposure on iron homeostasis.
草甘膦和草甘膦基除草剂（GBH）在全球范围内广泛使用，最初被认为对人类无害。实验研究表明，这些物质可以通过干扰铁的摄取或引发炎症反应来破坏铁的体内平衡。然而，它们对人类铁体内平衡的潜在影响仍未得到充分探索。
我们分析了 2013 年至 2018 年 NHANES 中 5812 名 3 岁及以上参与者的数据。我们研究了尿中草甘膦水平、口服铁摄入量与铁体内平衡标志物之间的关系，包括血清铁、未饱和铁结合力（UIBC）、总铁结合力（TIBC）、转铁蛋白饱和度、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体。较高的尿草甘膦水平与口服铁摄入量呈正相关（β=1.310，S.E.=0.382，P=0.001）。ln-草甘膦增加一个单位与血清铁（β=-4.236，95%CI=-6.432 至-2.039，P<0.001）和铁蛋白（β=-9.994，95%CI=-17.342 至-2.647，P=0.009）降低有关，与 UIBC（β=5.431，95%CI=1.061-9.800，P=0.018）和转铁蛋白受体水平升高（β=0.139，95%CI=0.015-0.263，P=0.029）有关。草甘膦暴露量增加与各暴露五分位数血清铁和铁蛋白水平显著降低相关（趋势 P 值分别为 0.003 和 0.018）。
较高的草甘膦暴露与铁的生物利用度降低有关，表明铁的吸收可能受到干扰。这些发现强调了需要进一步研究草甘膦暴露对铁体内平衡的健康影响。
