College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Nov 5;479:135649. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135649. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
The toxicity of microplastics (MPs) to aquatic animals is closely related to the presence and release kinetics of contained additives, as most plastic products contain various additives. However, the relationship between the occurrence and release of additives from MPs, and their individual or combined toxicity remains unclear. In this study, the nanoscale distribution and release of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA, a common flame retardant with endocrine-disrupting effect) in polystyrene (PS) MPs, and the long-term (60 days) toxicity of TBBPA and MPs containing TBBPA (at doses of 0 %, 1 %, 10 %, w/w) to Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles were investigated. Exposure to 10 μg/L TBBPA alone was the most toxics, while the encapsulation of TBBPA in MPs significantly delayed its lethal toxicity to tadpoles by inhibiting the rapid and extensive release of TBBPA. PS MPs alone and MPs containing 10 % TBBPA exhibited delayed survival toxicity compared to TBBPA alone, whereas PS MPs containing 1 % TBBPA did not show this effect but inhibited growth. These findings suggest that chronic toxicity assessments should be based on long-term (months or even years) exposure experiments due to the encapsulation-controlled slow release of toxic additives.
微塑料 (MPs) 对水生动物的毒性与其所含添加剂的存在和释放动力学密切相关，因为大多数塑料制品都含有各种添加剂。然而，MPs 中添加剂的发生和释放及其单独或联合毒性之间的关系尚不清楚。在这项研究中，研究了聚碳酸酯 (PS) MPs 中四溴双酚 A (TBBPA，一种具有内分泌干扰作用的常见阻燃剂) 的纳米级分布和释放，以及 TBBPA 和含有 TBBPA 的 MPs (剂量为 0%、1%、10%，w/w) 对非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的长期 (60 天) 毒性。单独暴露于 10μg/L TBBPA 是最有毒的，而 TBBPA 在 MPs 中的封装显著抑制了 TBBPA 的快速和广泛释放，从而延迟了 TBBPA 对蝌蚪的致命毒性。与单独暴露于 TBBPA 相比，单独的 PS MPs 和含有 10% TBBPA 的 MPs 表现出延迟的存活毒性，而含有 1% TBBPA 的 PS MPs 则没有表现出这种效应，但抑制了生长。这些发现表明，由于有毒添加剂的封装控制缓慢释放，慢性毒性评估应基于长期 (数月甚至数年) 暴露实验。
