Department of Tennis, Competitive Sports School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China.
Department of Physiology, Sports Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024 Aug 28;19(11):1264-1274. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0537. Print 2024 Nov 1.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on tennis skill and physical exercise performance, as well as to explore whether 7-day repeated IPC (RIPC) accelerated fatigue recovery after a simulated tennis match.
Twenty-nine male tennis-specific current students were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups: SHAM (n = 14, 3 × 5 min at 20 mm Hg) and IPC (n = 15, 3 × 5 min at 220 mm Hg). Participants in both groups engaged in acute IPC and RIPC interventions. After the first acute IPC intervention, assessments were conducted to evaluate tennis-specific skills and overall physical exercise capacity. Following completion of chronic RIPC interventions, all participants competed in a simulated tennis match specifically designed to induce fatigue. To evaluate recovery from this induced fatigue, physical exercise capacity tests were conducted at 24 and 48 hours postmatch, allowing for an assessment of the participants' recovery capabilities over time.
After the first acute intervention, notable differences were observed between the IPC and SHAM groups in their performance on the repeated-sprint ability test. Specifically, the total times recorded were significantly shorter in the IPC group compared with the SHAM group (IPC: 109.05 [2.70] vs SHAM: 114.57 [7.45] s, P = .012), and this trend was also reflected in their best times (IPC: 4.20 [0.18] s vs SHAM: 4.39 [0.30] s, P = .042), indicating an immediate benefit of the IPC intervention on sprint performance. After a 7-day RIPC intervention, significant changes were noted in the SHAM group's performance metrics postmatch. There was an increase (P < .001) in fatigue index from 22% (8%) to 30% (9%) during repeated-sprint ability test and a decrease in serve speed from 120.2 (17.5) to 106.7 (13.0) km/h (P = .002) and knee peek torque from 196.0 (49.0) to 162.7 (39) N (extension, 60°/s, P < .001) in the SHAM group 24 hours postmatch, relative to the IPC group. Moreover, compared with the SHAM group, the IPC group showed a lower rate of perceived exertion during the match (P < .001) and a decrease in visual analog scale score (P = .026) 24 hours postmatch, suggesting enhanced recovery and reduced perception of pain relative to the SHAM group.
IPC could serve as a strategy to generate an ergogenic effect and recovery during training and competition.
本研究旨在探讨急性缺血预处理（IPC）对网球技能和身体运动表现的影响，并探讨 7 天重复 IPC（RIPC）是否能加速模拟网球比赛后的疲劳恢复。
29 名男性专项网球学生被随机分为 2 组：SHAM 组（n=14，20mmHg 下 3×5min）和 IPC 组（n=15，220mmHg 下 3×5min）。两组参与者均接受急性 IPC 和 RIPC 干预。在第一次急性 IPC 干预后，评估网球专项技能和整体身体运动能力。完成慢性 RIPC 干预后，所有参与者均参加专门设计的模拟网球比赛以诱导疲劳。为了评估这种诱导性疲劳的恢复情况，在比赛后 24 和 48 小时进行身体运动能力测试，以评估参与者随时间的恢复能力。
第一次急性干预后，IPC 组和 SHAM 组在重复冲刺能力测试中的表现有明显差异。具体来说，IPC 组的总用时明显短于 SHAM 组（IPC：109.05[2.70]s 比 SHAM：114.57[7.45]s，P=0.012），最佳用时也呈现出相同趋势（IPC：4.20[0.18]s 比 SHAM：4.39[0.30]s，P=0.042），表明 IPC 干预对冲刺表现有即时的益处。经过 7 天的 RIPC 干预后，SHAM 组在赛后的表现指标发生了显著变化。在重复冲刺能力测试中，疲劳指数从 22%（8%）增加到 30%（9%）（P<0.001），发球速度从 120.2（17.5）km/h 下降到 106.7（13.0）km/h（P=0.002），膝关节峰值扭矩从 196.0（49.0）N（伸膝，60°/s）下降到 162.7（39）N（伸膝，60°/s）（P<0.001），这些变化均发生在 SHAM 组赛后 24 小时。此外，与 SHAM 组相比，IPC 组在比赛中的感觉用力程度较低（P<0.001），赛后 24 小时的视觉模拟评分（VAS）下降（P=0.026），表明与 SHAM 组相比，IPC 组的恢复更快，疼痛感知更低。
IPC 可作为一种策略，在训练和比赛中产生促进表现和恢复的效果。
