San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Veggiano, Padua, Italy.
Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Parasit Vectors. 2024 Aug 29;17(1):366. doi: 10.1186/s13071-024-06432-0.
Renal disease in canine leishmaniosis is of great importance owing to increased risk of mortality. In human visceral leishmaniosis, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been used as a marker of renal damage and inflammation. The purpose of this study was first to determine the serum MCP-1 and urinary MCP-1-to-creatinine ratio (uMCP-1/Cr) in healthy dogs and dogs with leishmaniosis at diagnosis, and second to determine whether these markers can differentiate disease severity at diagnosis.
In total, 19 healthy seronegative dogs and 38 dogs with leishmaniosis were included in the study. Dogs with leishmaniosis were classified as LeishVet clinical staging and as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging. Serum and urinary MCP-1 concentrations were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined disease severity at diagnosis between two LeishVet groups (Stage II versus stage III and IV).
Dogs in Leishvet stages IIb, III, and IV had a median serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr concentration higher than healthy dogs (P < 0.0001). No statistical differences were found in serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr between dogs in LeishVet stage IIa and healthy dogs. The dogs in LeishVet stage IV had significantly higher serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr compared with the dogs in LeishVet stage IIa (P < 0.0001). Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1 were significantly higher in dogs in IRIS stage I and II + III + IV compared with healthy dogs. Dogs stage II + III + IV of IRIS had a significantly higher serum MCP-1 compared with dogs in IRIS stage I (P < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve for serum MCP-1 was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.93] and for uMCP-1/Cr it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.99). The optimal cutoff value for serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr was 336.85 pg/ml (sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 68%) and 6.89 × 10 (sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 79%), respectively.
Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr are increased in dogs with leishmaniosis compared with healthy dogs, suggesting the presence of inflammation and renal injury. Serum MCP-1 and uMCP-1/Cr were more elevated in the advanced stages of the disease compared with the moderate stages and, therefore, can be markers of the severity of the disease process.
犬利什曼病的肾脏疾病很重要，因为其死亡率风险增加。在人类内脏利什曼病中，单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）已被用作肾脏损伤和炎症的标志物。本研究的目的首先是确定健康犬和诊断时患有利什曼病的犬的血清 MCP-1 和尿 MCP-1 与肌酐比值（uMCP-1/Cr），其次是确定这些标志物是否可以区分诊断时的疾病严重程度。
共纳入 19 只血清阴性的健康犬和 38 只患有利什曼病的犬。利什曼病犬按 LeishVet 临床分期和国际肾脏兴趣学会（IRIS）分期进行分类。采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清和尿 MCP-1 浓度。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确定了两个 LeishVet 组（II 期与 III 期和 IV 期）之间疾病严重程度的诊断差异。
Leishvet IIb、III 和 IV 期犬的血清 MCP-1 和 uMCP-1/Cr 浓度中位数均高于健康犬（P<0.0001）。LeishVet IIa 期和健康犬之间的血清 MCP-1 和 uMCP-1/Cr 无统计学差异。LeishVet IV 期犬的血清 MCP-1 和 uMCP-1/Cr 明显高于 LeishVet IIa 期犬（P<0.0001）。IRIS 分期 I 和 II+III+IV 期犬的血清 MCP-1 和 uMCP-1 明显高于健康犬。IRIS 分期 II+III+IV 期犬的血清 MCP-1 明显高于 IRIS 分期 I 期犬（P<0.0001）。血清 MCP-1 的 ROC 曲线下面积为 0.78[95%置信区间（CI）0.64-0.93]，uMCP-1/Cr 的 ROC 曲线下面积为 0.86（95%CI，0.74-0.99）。血清 MCP-1 和 uMCP-1/Cr 的最佳截断值分别为 336.85 pg/ml（敏感性为 79%，特异性为 68%）和 6.89×10（敏感性为 84%，特异性为 79%）。
与健康犬相比，患有利什曼病的犬的血清 MCP-1 和 uMCP-1/Cr 升高，表明存在炎症和肾脏损伤。与中度阶段相比，疾病晚期的血清 MCP-1 和 uMCP-1/Cr 升高更为明显，因此可以作为疾病严重程度的标志物。
