Levillain Guillaume, Martinent Guillaume, Nicolas Michel
Laboratory of Psy-Drepi, University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport, Univ Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2025 Jul;38(4):379-393. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2024.2394800. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
This study explored whether several subgroups of athletes representing distinct trajectories of intensity and direction of pleasant and unpleasant emotions (anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, and happiness) could be shown to exist within the latent growth analysis (LCGA). A secondary objective was to examine whether athletes belonging to distinct trajectories of intensity and direction of emotions reported distinct scores of adaptive defense mechanisms (ADM) and maladaptive defense mechanisms (MDM).
A longitudinal four-wave measurement design was used in the present study.
380 athletes completed the sports emotion questionnaire direction across four measurement times and the defense style questionnaire at the beginning of the season.
Results of LCGAs revealed several distinct emotional trajectories for each emotion intensity and emotion direction. Moreover, athletes belonging to distinct (adaptive or maladaptive) trajectories reported significantly different scores of ADM and MDM. Higher scores of ADM were reported by athletes belonging to adaptive trajectories of the direction of emotions.
Sports psychologists should try to promote ADM and defensive flexibility to help athletes perceive their emotions as facilitative.
本研究探讨在潜在增长分析（LCGA）中是否能显示出存在几个不同的运动员亚组，这些亚组代表愉快和不愉快情绪（愤怒、焦虑、沮丧、兴奋和幸福）的强度和方向的不同轨迹。第二个目的是检验属于不同情绪强度和方向轨迹的运动员是否报告了不同的适应性防御机制（ADM）和适应不良防御机制（MDM）得分。
本研究采用纵向四波测量设计。
380名运动员在四个测量时间点完成了运动情绪问卷方向，并在赛季开始时完成了防御方式问卷。
LCGA的结果显示，每种情绪强度和情绪方向都有几个不同的情绪轨迹。此外，属于不同（适应性或适应不良性）轨迹的运动员报告的ADM和MDM得分显著不同。属于情绪方向适应性轨迹的运动员报告的ADM得分更高。
运动心理学家应努力促进ADM和防御灵活性，以帮助运动员将他们的情绪视为促进因素。
