B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2024 Nov;20(6):2294-2311. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4983. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
The application of a battery of bioassays is widely recognized as a useful tool for assessing environmental hazard samples. However, the integration of different toxicity data is a key aspect of this assessment and remains a challenge. The evaluation of industrial waste leachates did not initially undergo any of the proposed integration procedures. This research addressed this knowledge gap. Twenty-five samples of waste foundry sands were subjected to a leaching test (UNI EN 12457-2) to evaluate waste recovery and landfill disposal. The leachates were evaluated using a battery of standardized toxicity bioassays composed of Aliivibrio fischeri (EN ISO 11348-3), Daphnia magna (UNI EN ISO 6341), and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (UNI EN ISO 8692), both undiluted and diluted. Daphnia magna and P. subcapitata were the most affected organisms, with significant effects caused by 68% and 64% of undiluted samples, respectively. The dilution of samples facilitates the calculation of EC50 values, which ranged from greater than the highest concentration tested to 2.5 g/L for P. subcapitata. The data on single-organism toxicity were integrated using three methods: the Toxicity Classification System, the toxicity test battery integrated index, and the EcoScore system. The three classifications were strongly similar. According to all applied systems, three samples were clearly nontoxic (from iron casting plants) and two were highly toxic (from steel casting plants). Moreover, the similar ranking between undiluted and diluted leachates suggests the possibility of using only undiluted leachates for a more cost-effective and time-efficient screening of waste materials. The findings of this study highlight the usefulness of integrating ecotoxicological waste assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2294-2311. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
应用一系列生物测定法被广泛认为是评估环境危害样品的有用工具。然而，不同毒性数据的整合是评估的一个关键方面，仍然是一个挑战。工业废物浸出液的评估最初并没有进行任何拟议的整合程序。本研究旨在弥补这一知识空白。对 25 个铸造废砂样本进行了浸出试验（UNI EN 12457-2），以评估废物回收和垃圾填埋处置。使用一系列标准化毒性生物测定电池评估浸出液，该电池由发光细菌（EN ISO 11348-3）、大型蚤（UNI EN ISO 6341）和斜生栅藻（UNI EN ISO 8692）组成，包括未稀释和稀释两种。大型蚤和斜生栅藻是受影响最严重的生物，分别有 68%和 64%的未稀释样品产生显著影响。样品的稀释有利于 EC50 值的计算，斜生栅藻的 EC50 值范围从高于测试的最高浓度到 2.5g/L。使用三种方法整合单一生物毒性数据：毒性分类系统、毒性测试电池综合指数和生态评分系统。这三种分类方法非常相似。根据所有应用系统，三个样本明显无毒（来自铁铸造厂），两个样本高度有毒（来自钢铸造厂）。此外，未稀释和稀释浸出液之间的相似排名表明，仅使用未稀释浸出液进行更具成本效益和更高效的废物材料筛选是可能的。本研究结果强调了整合生态毒理学废物评估的有用性。2024 年《综合环境评估与管理》2294-2311 期。© 2024 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊 LLC 代表环境毒理化学学会（SETAC）出版。
