Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Graduate Studies, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2024 Nov;46(11):1811-1823. doi: 10.1007/s00276-024-03474-y. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
This study aimed to examine and analyze the presence of sexual dimorphism and symmetry/asymmetry in fixed cadaveric heads and their contributions to clinical practice.
Measurements were conducted on 6 cadavers and 24 fixed cadaveric heads (n = 30) using a digital microcaliper to assess cranial dimensions, including surgical landmarks, facial index (FI), orbital index (OI), and the danger triangle of the face, offering crucial references for surgeons during surgical interventions.
Analyses were conducted on cadavers consisting of 10 females (33.3%) and 20 males (66.7%). Males demonstrated significantly higher values than females in terms of Zy-Zy (Zy = Zygion), nasal body, and width/length of the columella. Hyperleptoprosop types were the most frequently observed, followed by the leptoprosop type. Females exhibited megaseme characteristics according to OI on both sides. Additionally, the danger triangle of the face was greater in males compared than in females, suggesting a higher risk of infection in this region among males.
The observed sex differences in facial and nasal dimensions, along with facial indices, are crucial for customizing surgical procedures to individual patients. For example, the greater distance in the danger triangle among males highlights the importance of considering anatomical variations to avoid complications, such as septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. Integrating these measurements into preoperative planning can enhance the precision of facial reconstruction and aesthetic surgeries, thereby improving patient outcomes and safety.
本研究旨在检查和分析固定尸体头部的性别二态性和对称性/非对称性的存在，并分析其对临床实践的贡献。
使用数字卡尺对 6 具尸体和 24 具固定尸体头部（n=30）进行测量，以评估颅骨尺寸，包括手术标志、面指数（FI）、眶指数（OI）和面部危险三角，为外科医生在手术干预期间提供关键参考。
对包括 10 名女性（33.3%）和 20 名男性（66.7%）在内的尸体进行了分析。男性在 Zy-Zy（Zy=髁突）、鼻体和鼻中隔宽度/长度方面的数值明显高于女性。高颅型（Hyperleptoprosop）是最常见的类型，其次是中颅型（Leptoprosop）。根据两侧的 OI，女性表现出超大型特征。此外，男性面部危险三角的面积大于女性，表明男性该区域感染的风险更高。
面部和鼻部尺寸以及面指数的性别差异对于根据个体患者定制手术程序至关重要。例如，男性面部危险三角的更大距离强调了考虑解剖变异以避免并发症（如感染性海绵窦血栓形成）的重要性。将这些测量值纳入术前计划可以提高面部重建和美容手术的精确性，从而改善患者的预后和安全性。
