Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
African Field Epidemiology Network, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 30;19(8):e0308139. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308139. eCollection 2024.
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are at high risk for COVID-19 transmission because of congested and unsanitary living conditions. COVID-19 vaccination is essential to build population immunity and prevent severe disease among this population. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine among IDPs in Northeast Nigeria. This cross-sectional study, conducted during July-December 2022, included 1,537 unvaccinated IDPs from 18 IDPs camps. We performed a complex sample survey analysis and described participants' characteristics and vaccination intention with weighted descriptive statistics. We fitted weighted logistic regression models and computed adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to identify factors associated with intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Of 1,537 IDPs, 55.4% were 18-39 years old, 82.6% were females, and 88.6% had no formal education. Among them, 63.5% (95% CI: 59.0-68.1) expressed intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Among the IDPs who intended to reject vaccine, 42.8% provided no reason, 35.3% had COVID-19 misconceptions, 9.5% reported vaccine safety concerns, and 7.4% felt no need. IDPs who perceived COVID-19 as severe (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.31, [95% CI: 1.35-3.96]), perceived COVID-19 vaccine as effective (AOR = 4.28, [95% CI: 2.46-7.44]) and resided in official camps (AOR = 3.29, [95% CI: 1.94-5.56]) were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccine. However, IDPs who resided 2 kilometers or farther from the nearest health facility (AOR = 0.34, [95% CI: 0.20-0.58]) were less likely to accept vaccine. Intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine among the IDPs was suboptimal. To improve vaccination acceptance among this population, health education and risk communication should be intensified to counter misinformation, strengthen vaccine confidence, and shape perception of COVID-19 severity, focusing on IDPs in unofficial camps. Appropriate interventions to deliver vaccines to remote households should be ramped up.
国内流离失所者（IDPs）由于居住拥挤和卫生条件差，感染 COVID-19 的风险很高。接种 COVID-19 疫苗对于建立人群免疫力和预防该人群发生严重疾病至关重要。我们确定了尼日利亚东北部 IDPs 中接受 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿的流行率和相关因素。这项横断面研究于 2022 年 7 月至 12 月期间在 18 个 IDP 营地进行，包括 1537 名未接种疫苗的 IDP。我们进行了复杂的样本调查分析，并使用加权描述性统计描述了参与者的特征和接种意愿。我们拟合了加权逻辑回归模型，并计算了调整后的优势比及其 95%置信区间，以确定与接受 COVID-19 疫苗意愿相关的因素。在 1537 名 IDP 中，55.4%的人年龄在 18-39 岁之间，82.6%为女性，88.6%没有接受过正规教育。其中，63.5%（95%CI：59.0-68.1）表示愿意接受 COVID-19 疫苗。在打算拒绝疫苗的 IDP 中，42.8%没有提供任何理由，35.3%对 COVID-19 存在误解，9.5%报告对疫苗安全性存在担忧，7.4%认为不需要接种疫苗。认为 COVID-19 严重（调整后的优势比（AOR）=2.31，[95%CI：1.35-3.96]）、认为 COVID-19 疫苗有效（AOR=4.28，[95%CI：2.46-7.44]）和居住在官方营地（AOR=3.29，[95%CI：1.94-5.56]）的 IDP 更有可能接受 COVID-19 疫苗。然而，距离最近的卫生机构 2 公里或更远（AOR=0.34，[95%CI：0.20-0.58]）的 IDP 不太可能接受疫苗。IDP 接受 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿并不理想。为了提高该人群的疫苗接种率，应加强健康教育和风险沟通，以消除错误信息，增强疫苗信心，并改变对 COVID-19 严重程度的看法，重点关注非官方营地的 IDP。应加大向偏远家庭提供疫苗的适当干预力度。
