Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
Department of Biobehavioral Health and Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2024 Oct 18;58(11):717-728. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaae050.
Previous community-wide physical activity trials have been criticized for methodological limitations, lack of population-level changes, and insufficient reach among underserved communities. Social marketing is an effective technique for community-wide behavior change and can coincide with principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR).
A systematic scoping review of community-wide interventions (system-level) targeting physical activity and/or weight loss was conducted to (i) describe and critically discuss how social marketing strategies are implemented; (ii) identify which populations have been targeted, including underserved communities; (iii) evaluate the use of CBPR frameworks; (iv) assess retention rates; and (v) identify gaps in the literature and formulate future recommendations.
Eligible studies included those that: aimed to improve physical activity and/or weight loss on a community-wide level, used social marketing strategies, and were published between 2007 and 2022.
Approximately 56% of the studies reported a positive impact on physical activity. All studies described social marketing details in alignment with the five principles of social marketing (product, promotion, place, price, and people). Only two studies explicitly identified CBPR as a guiding framework, but most studies used one (k = 8, 32%) or two (k = 12, 48%) community engagement strategies. Few studies included at least 50% representation of African American (k = 2) or Hispanic (k = 3) participants.
This review highlights key gaps in the literature (e.g., lack of fully-developed CBPR frameworks, reach among underserved communities, randomized designs, use of theory), highlights examples of successful interventions, and opportunities for refining community-wide interventions using social marketing strategies.
先前的全社区体力活动试验因方法学上的局限性、缺乏人群层面的变化以及服务不足社区的参与度不足而受到批评。社会营销是一种有效的全社区行为改变技术，并且可以与基于社区的参与性研究（CBPR）原则相吻合。
对针对体力活动和/或减肥的全社区干预（系统层面）进行了系统范围的综述，以（i）描述和批判性讨论社会营销策略的实施情况；（ii）确定针对哪些人群，包括服务不足的社区；（iii）评估 CBPR 框架的使用情况；（iv）评估保留率；以及（v）确定文献中的差距并制定未来的建议。
符合条件的研究包括那些：旨在提高全社区层面的体力活动和/或减肥水平，使用社会营销策略，并且发表于 2007 年至 2022 年之间。
约有 56%的研究报告称对体力活动有积极影响。所有研究都按照社会营销的五个原则（产品、促销、地点、价格和人员）详细描述了社会营销细节。只有两项研究明确将 CBPR 确定为指导框架，但大多数研究使用了一种（k = 8，32%）或两种（k = 12，48%）社区参与策略。很少有研究包括至少 50%的非裔美国人（k = 2）或西班牙裔（k = 3）参与者的代表性。
本综述突出了文献中的关键差距（例如，缺乏完全成熟的 CBPR 框架、服务不足社区的参与度、随机设计、理论的使用），突出了成功干预的例子，并为使用社会营销策略改进全社区干预提供了机会。
