Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of).
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of).
BMJ Open. 2024 Aug 30;14(8):e085071. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085071.
Timely arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) is pivotal for effective prehospital care, and efforts by EMS leaders and policymakers to reduce response times, especially in cardiac arrests responsible for 70%-80% of coronary heart disease-related deaths, underscore the global urgency. With approximately 55 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests per 100 000 people annually, survival rates hinge on timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation, emphasising its initiation within a 4-6 min window. Trauma, causing 6 million deaths and nearly 40 million injuries a year, further underscores the need for prompt prehospital care. Acknowledging these challenges, health systems have incorporated community first responder (CFR) models, where trained community members provide initial aid, aiming to bridge the crucial gap until professional help arrives. This scoping review intends to explore the experiences of various countries with CFR models, including their conceptual and theoretical frameworks, recognising CFR as a critical solution for reducing response times in prehospital emergency care.
Arksey and O'Malley's approach will be followed in this scoping review. Our protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews. The study objective is to comprehensively understand and map current knowledge about CFR model characteristics and identify effective components and indicators. The review will encompass available articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science without restrictions on date of publication. Additional searches will explore grey literature on Google Scholar and reliable websites in the field of EMS. Articles published in languages other than English and those inaccessible in full text will not be considered for inclusion.
Since the study data are accessible from publicly accessible secondary sources, no ethical approval is necessary. Peer-reviewed publications will be used to report the study findings.
及时的紧急医疗服务（EMS）到达对于有效的院前护理至关重要，EMS 领导者和政策制定者努力减少响应时间，特别是在导致 70%-80%的冠心病相关死亡的心脏骤停方面，突显了全球的紧迫性。每年每 10 万人中有大约 55 例院外心脏骤停，生存率取决于及时的心肺复苏，强调在 4-6 分钟的窗口期内开始复苏。创伤每年导致 600 万人死亡和近 4000 万人受伤，进一步强调了及时进行院前护理的必要性。认识到这些挑战，卫生系统已经采用了社区第一响应者（CFR）模式，在该模式中，经过培训的社区成员提供初步援助，旨在在专业救援到来之前弥合关键差距。本范围综述旨在探讨各国在 CFR 模式方面的经验，包括其概念和理论框架，认识到 CFR 是减少院前急救响应时间的关键解决方案。
本范围综述将遵循阿特塞尔和奥马利的方法。我们的方案是使用用于系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目扩展的范围综述协议起草的。研究目的是全面了解和绘制 CFR 模型特征的当前知识，并确定有效组成部分和指标。该综述将包括在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中索引的可用文章，对发表日期没有限制。还将在 Google Scholar 上搜索灰色文献以及 EMS 领域的可靠网站。不会考虑纳入发表在英语以外的语言的文章和无法全文获取的文章。
由于研究数据可从公开获取的二手来源获得，因此不需要伦理批准。同行评议的出版物将用于报告研究结果。
