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维也纳解剖学课程——哈布斯堡医学教学模式（1787 - 1848年）

The Viennese dissection course-A model for Habsburg medical teaching (1787-1848).

作者信息

Bauer Sophia, Schaukal Leo, Weninger Wolfgang J

机构信息

Department of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

University of Vienna, Institute of Economic and Social History, Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2025 Jul;137(13-14):405-411. doi: 10.1007/s00508-024-02433-2. Epub 2024 Aug 30.

DOI:10.1007/s00508-024-02433-2
PMID:39214896
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12241233/
Abstract

This article delves into the beginnings of the dissection course, a teaching practice which today is still in place in Vienna and continues to shape future medical practitioners. Based on a comparison of different historical sources the article shows that the Viennese tradition of a dissection course dates back to the 1780s and the initiative of the anatomist Joseph Barth to build a dissection institute and to implement a dissection course, two endeavors that coincided with Joseph II's reform ideas regarding a practically orientated medical and surgical education and a Europe-wide practice turn. Additionally, this paper shows the role of the Viennese dissection course as model for other Habsburg universities and, thus, explains the similarities of today's dissection courses in different former Habsburg universities.

摘要

本文深入探讨了解剖课程的起源，这一教学实践如今在维也纳依然存在，并持续影响着未来的医学从业者。通过对不同历史资料的比较，本文表明维也纳解剖课程的传统可追溯到18世纪80年代，以及解剖学家约瑟夫·巴特建立解剖研究所并实施解剖课程的倡议，这两项举措与约瑟夫二世关于以实践为导向的医学和外科教育的改革理念以及欧洲范围内的实践转向相契合。此外，本文还展示了维也纳解剖课程作为其他哈布斯堡大学典范的作用，从而解释了当今不同前哈布斯堡大学解剖课程的相似之处。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/f3ce0202f32b/508_2024_2433_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/ab3207c1df1f/508_2024_2433_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/cbc0aeb03fff/508_2024_2433_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/8004b29a4eb1/508_2024_2433_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/f3ce0202f32b/508_2024_2433_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/ab3207c1df1f/508_2024_2433_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/cbc0aeb03fff/508_2024_2433_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/8004b29a4eb1/508_2024_2433_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0728/12241233/f3ce0202f32b/508_2024_2433_Fig4_HTML.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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The influence of censorship laws on Viennese anatomy textbooks from the outgoing 18th century until after the student revolution of 1848 in Austrian absolutism.审查制度法规对 18 世纪末至奥地利绝对主义时期 1848 年学生革命后的维也纳解剖学教材的影响。
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Historical Sketch of the Edinburgh Anatomical School.爱丁堡解剖学派简史
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500 years of the College of Surgeons and 300 years of the Chair of Anatomy in Edinburgh.爱丁堡外科医学院500年及解剖学教授职位300年。
Surgeon. 2005 Jun;3(3):234-41. doi: 10.1016/s1479-666x(05)80046-0.
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The "Paris manner" of dissection: student anatomical dissection in early eighteenth-century Paris.
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