Kennedy Dean G, Velu Preetha, Carnino Jonathan M, Wilson Nicholas R, Jamil Taylor, Hartman-Joshi Kristin, Levi Jessica R
Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Am J Otolaryngol. 2024 Nov-Dec;45(6):104447. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104447. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Hearing loss is a common sensory impairment in children that affects quality of life and development. Early intervention, such as hearing aids and communication therapies, can help children overcome these challenges and lessen the impact on their development. The objective of this study was to identify specific patient demographic factors correlated with the prevalence of pediatric conductive hearing loss.
The study utilized the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality which collects inpatient information from hospitals for patients under 21 years old. We included all patients discharged in 2016 diagnosed with conductive hearing loss, and excluded neonatal patients discharged within 28 days of birth.
Statistical analyses were performed using R Studio and IBM SPSS Statistics. Weighted odds ratios were calculated for conductive hearing loss in relation to race and income, and a multivariate regression analysis examined associations between demographic variables and race categories in conductive hearing loss.
The prevalence of conductive hearing loss (CHL) in pediatric patients in 2016 was 51.62 cases per 100,000 patients. Non-Hispanic White patients had the highest prevalence, while Black patients had the highest likelihood of CHL compared to the overall population. Lower income levels were associated with a decreased probability of CHL diagnosis. After adjusting for age, sex, hospital region, insurance, and income on multivariate analysis, White and Black patients were less likely to be diagnosed with CHL. Furthermore, patients in specific income quartiles also had lower CHL likelihood compared to the general population.
While Black patients had a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with CHL than the general population, socioeconomic factors such as income greatly influenced the likelihood of CHL diagnosis. Other significant factors included income, region of the country, sex, and age. Further research is needed to better understand and address healthcare disparities related to pediatric hearing loss.
听力损失是儿童常见的感觉障碍，会影响生活质量和发育。早期干预，如使用助听器和进行沟通治疗，可帮助儿童克服这些挑战并减轻对其发育的影响。本研究的目的是确定与小儿传导性听力损失患病率相关的特定患者人口统计学因素。
本研究使用了医疗保健研究与质量局的儿童住院数据库（KID），该数据库收集21岁以下患者在医院的住院信息。我们纳入了2016年出院且诊断为传导性听力损失的所有患者，并排除了出生后28天内出院的新生儿患者。
使用R Studio和IBM SPSS Statistics进行统计分析。计算了与种族和收入相关的传导性听力损失的加权优势比，并进行多变量回归分析以检验人口统计学变量与传导性听力损失种族类别的关联。
2016年儿科患者中传导性听力损失（CHL）的患病率为每100,000名患者51.62例。非西班牙裔白人患者患病率最高，而黑人患者与总体人群相比患CHL的可能性最高。收入水平较低与CHL诊断概率降低相关。在多变量分析中对年龄、性别、医院地区、保险和收入进行调整后，白人和黑人患者被诊断为CHL的可能性较小。此外，特定收入四分位数的患者与总体人群相比患CHL的可能性也较低。
虽然黑人患者被诊断为CHL的可能性高于总体人群，但收入等社会经济因素极大地影响了CHL诊断的可能性。其他重要因素包括收入、国家地区、性别和年龄。需要进一步研究以更好地理解和解决与小儿听力损失相关的医疗保健差异。
