Parker Michael J
The Ethox Centre, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
J Med Ethics. 2024 Aug 31. doi: 10.1136/jme-2024-110174.
What does it mean to be a bioethicist? How should the role(s) of bioethics be understood in the context of a world of intense value conflict and polarisation? Bioethics is-in all its various forms and traditions-potentially well-positioned to contribute to addressing many of the most pressing challenges of value polarisation and conflict in diverse societies. However, realising this potential is going to require moving beyond currently foregrounded methods and developing new models for engaging with moral disagreement. This paper proposes an approach, 'adversarial cooperation,' drawing on the concepts of 'adversarial collaboration' from the sciences and 'antagonistic cooperation' from the humanities. Adversarial cooperation aims to combine the rigour and structured methodology of adversarial collaboration with the cultural sensitivity and expansive vision of antagonistic cooperation. The paper also addresses key challenges to adversarial cooperation, including ethical considerations, tensions between substantive and procedural values, the problem of misinformation and the need for decision-making amidst ongoing disagreement. Ultimately, adversarial cooperation suggests a reimagining of bioethical expertise, emphasising skills in mediation, the arts and humanities and participatory decision-making alongside established philosophical competencies. This implies a model of normative bioethical authority grounded in the ability to facilitate inclusive and trustworthy processes of moral deliberation. Realising the potential of adversarial cooperation will require significant changes in bioethics training and practice, as well as a commitment to reflexivity, humility and the amplification of marginalised voices. By embracing this approach, bioethics can play a vital role in navigating the complex moral landscapes of pluralistic societies.
成为一名生物伦理学家意味着什么？在一个价值冲突激烈且两极分化的世界背景下，应如何理解生物伦理学的角色？生物伦理学——无论其各种形式和传统如何——都有可能为应对多元社会中价值两极分化和冲突的许多最紧迫挑战做出贡献。然而，要实现这一潜力，需要超越当前突出的方法，并开发应对道德分歧的新模式。本文提出了一种“对抗性合作”的方法，借鉴了科学领域的“对抗性协作”概念和人文学科的“对抗性合作”概念。对抗性合作旨在将对抗性协作的严谨性和结构化方法与对抗性合作的文化敏感性和广阔视野结合起来。本文还探讨了对抗性合作面临的关键挑战，包括伦理考量、实质价值与程序价值之间的紧张关系、错误信息问题以及在持续分歧中进行决策的必要性。最终，对抗性合作意味着对生物伦理专业知识的重新构想，强调调解技能、艺术与人文素养以及参与式决策，同时具备既定的哲学能力。这意味着一种规范性生物伦理权威的模式，其基础是促进包容性和值得信赖的道德审议过程的能力。要实现对抗性合作的潜力，需要在生物伦理学培训和实践方面进行重大变革，以及致力于反思性、谦逊态度和放大边缘化声音。通过采用这种方法，生物伦理学可以在多元社会复杂的道德领域中发挥至关重要的作用。
