J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2024 Sep-Oct;64(5):102187. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102187. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in health care workers experiencing temporary or permanent changes in employment due to layoffs, quits, and postpandemic increased job demand. Analyzing the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with employment changes and results of changes for practicing pharmacists and understanding the associations with demographic and work-related factors could inform practice, policy, and educational programs. This study aimed to explore the frequency, characteristics, and results of employment status changes (ESCs) experienced by pharmacists practicing pharmacy in March 2020 (ie, the start of the COVID-19 pandemic).
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey research design was used to collect data from a random sample of 93,990 licensed pharmacists in the United States. The study team developed an online survey questionnaire designed to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacists' work and work-life. The survey items used for this study related to ESCs, work-life characteristics, work characteristics in March 2020 and 2022, and demographic variables. A total of 4947 usable responses were received between November 2022 and January 2023.
Overall, 36.4% of respondents reported experiencing an ESC and approximately 70% of those reporting an ESC reported experiencing just 1 ECS. Overall, 39.5% of respondents who experienced an ESC stopped working (ie, were unemployed) pursuant to an ESC. Respondents who experienced an ESC reported significantly lower levels of work exhaustion and interprofessional disengagement and significantly higher levels of professional fulfillment in their current employment than respondents that did not experience an ESC.
The overall increase in demand for workers in the health care sector appeared to provide opportunities for pharmacists, especially pharmacists with 1 to 10 years of experience, to change their employment situation, resulting in better work-life characteristics. Given projections of a pharmacist shortage, research, policy, and educational programs could determine the best practices to improve work settings and the work-life characteristics of practicing pharmacists to improve the health of the current pharmacist workforce.
由于裁员、辞职以及大流行后工作需求增加，新冠疫情导致医护人员的就业暂时或永久发生变化。分析新冠疫情对就业变化的影响以及对执业药剂师变化结果的影响，并了解与人口统计学和工作相关因素的关联，可以为实践、政策和教育计划提供信息。本研究旨在探讨 2020 年 3 月（即新冠疫情开始时）执业药剂师就业状况变化（ESC）的频率、特征和结果。
采用描述性、横断面调查研究设计，从美国随机抽取 93990 名有执照的药剂师作为样本收集数据。研究团队开发了一个在线调查问卷调查表，旨在评估新冠疫情对药剂师工作和工作生活的影响。本研究使用的调查项目与 ESC、工作生活特征、2020 年 3 月和 2022 年的工作特征以及人口统计学变量有关。在 2022 年 11 月至 2023 年 1 月期间共收到了 4947 份有效回复。
总体而言，36.4%的受访者报告经历了 ESC，大约 70%报告 ESC 的受访者仅经历了 1 次 ESC。总体而言，39.5%经历 ESC 的受访者根据 ESC 停止工作（即失业）。经历 ESC 的受访者在当前就业中报告的工作倦怠和跨专业脱节程度明显较低，专业满意度明显较高，而没有经历 ESC 的受访者则报告的工作倦怠和跨专业脱节程度明显较高，专业满意度明显较低。
医疗保健行业对工人的总体需求增加似乎为药剂师提供了机会，尤其是具有 1 至 10 年工作经验的药剂师，他们改变了就业状况，从而改善了工作生活特征。鉴于药剂师短缺的预测，研究、政策和教育计划可以确定改善实践药剂师工作环境和工作生活特征的最佳实践，以改善当前药剂师劳动力的健康状况。
