Li Li, Xu Ruiyang, Wang Shan, Zhao Meng, Peng Sijing, Peng Xinning, Ye Qingyuan, Wu Chen, Wang Kefang
School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
BMC Nurs. 2024 Sep 2;23(1):606. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02149-8.
Emotional labor is an essential component of nursing practice and is important for Generation Z nursing students born from the mid-1990s to early 2010s. They will become the backbone of the nursing workforce but present more emotional regulation problems. Studies on emotional labor are limited to clinical nurses and influencing factors at the individual level. The impacts of external systems on emotional labor of nursing students have not been explored. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between early clinical exposure and emotional labor and test the moderating effect of family structure on the relationship.
The cross-sectional study recruited 467 nursing students using convenience sampling from seven colleges and universities in mainland China. An e-survey created on WJX.CN was used to collect data in January 2023. Emotional labor (surface acting and deep acting) was measured with the Emotional Labor scale. Early clinical exposure (exposure or not and times of exposure) and family structure (nuclear family, extended family, and single-parent family) were assessed with self-reported questions. Descriptive statistics and the linear mixed-effects modeling were used to do the analyses.
The mean scores of surface acting and deep acting were 26.66 ± 5.66 and 13.90 ± 2.40, respectively. A significant difference in scores of surface acting was not observed for exposure or not, whereas such a significant difference was found for times of exposure. Nursing students from extended families demonstrated significantly lower scores on surface acting while exposed to clinical practice compared with those from nuclear families. Family structure moderated the relationship between times of exposure and surface acting of nursing students when exposed to clinical practice for one time, but the significance disappeared when the times of exposure increased. No significant findings of early clinical exposure on deep acting were observed.
Early clinical exposure influenced emotional labor, and students from extended families were more likely to get benefits from early clinical exposure. Studies are needed to help students from nuclear families get comparable benefits on emotional labor as those from extended families, and improve deep acting by early clinical exposure.
情绪劳动是护理实践的重要组成部分，对出生于20世纪90年代中期至2010年代初的Z世代护理专业学生来说至关重要。他们将成为护理队伍的中坚力量，但存在更多的情绪调节问题。关于情绪劳动的研究仅限于临床护士以及个体层面的影响因素。外部系统对护理专业学生情绪劳动的影响尚未得到探讨。本研究旨在量化早期临床接触与情绪劳动之间的关系，并检验家庭结构对该关系的调节作用。
本横断面研究采用便利抽样法，从中国大陆七所高校招募了467名护理专业学生。2023年1月，通过在问卷星（WJX.CN）上创建的电子调查问卷收集数据。使用情绪劳动量表测量情绪劳动（表层扮演和深层扮演）。通过自我报告问题评估早期临床接触（是否接触以及接触次数）和家庭结构（核心家庭、大家庭和单亲家庭）。采用描述性统计和线性混合效应模型进行分析。
表层扮演和深层扮演的平均得分分别为26.66±5.66和13.90±2.40。是否接触临床在表层扮演得分上未观察到显著差异，而接触次数则存在显著差异。与来自核心家庭的学生相比，来自大家庭的护理专业学生在接触临床实践时表层扮演得分显著更低。当护理专业学生接触临床实践一次时，家庭结构调节了接触次数与表层扮演之间的关系，但随着接触次数增加，这种显著性消失。未观察到早期临床接触对深层扮演有显著影响。
早期临床接触影响情绪劳动，来自大家庭的学生更有可能从早期临床接触中受益。需要开展研究，帮助来自核心家庭的学生在情绪劳动方面获得与来自大家庭的学生相当的益处，并通过早期临床接触改善深层扮演。
