Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2024 Sep 2;50(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s13052-024-01734-6.
Consistent evidence increasingly highlights the significance of integrating sex and gender medicine to ensure a precision approach according to individual patient needs. Gender discrepancies emerge across various areas, even from pediatric age. The importance of recognizing these differences in pediatric nutrition is critical for the development of targeted nutritional strategies and interventions, particularly in cases of associated pathologies, including obesity, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, eating disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the biological and sociocultural factors that contribute to different nutritional needs and health outcomes in male and female children. By examining current evidence, we underscore the necessity for precision medicine approaches in pediatric care that consider these sex- and gender-based differences. Moreover, differences in dietary requirements and dietary patterns between males and females are evident, underscoring the need for precise nutrition strategies for a more accurate management of children and adolescents. This approach is essential for improving clinical outcomes and promoting equitable healthcare practices. This review aims to provide an overview of nutrition-related medical conditions exhibiting sex- and gender-specific discrepancies, which might lead to distinct outcomes requiring unique management and prevention strategies. Future research and public health initiatives should address these differences in designing effective lifestyle education programs and nutrition interventions targeting both children and adolescents.
越来越多的证据表明，整合性别医学意义重大，可确保根据个体患者的需求采取精准方法。即使在儿科年龄，各种领域也存在性别差异。认识到儿科营养方面的这些差异对于制定有针对性的营养策略和干预措施至关重要，特别是在存在相关疾病的情况下，包括肥胖、代谢相关脂肪性肝病、饮食失调和炎症性肠病。这篇综述强调了导致男童和女童营养需求和健康结果不同的生物学和社会文化因素。通过研究现有证据，我们强调了在儿科护理中采用考虑这些性别差异的精准医学方法的必要性。此外，男性和女性的饮食需求和模式存在差异，这突出表明需要制定精确的营养策略，以便更准确地管理儿童和青少年。这种方法对于改善临床结果和促进公平的医疗保健实践至关重要。本综述旨在概述表现出性别特异性差异的与营养相关的医疗状况，这些差异可能导致需要独特管理和预防策略的不同结果。未来的研究和公共卫生倡议应在设计针对儿童和青少年的有效生活方式教育计划和营养干预措施时考虑这些差异。
