Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2024 Jul;54(7):e14223. doi: 10.1111/eci.14223. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
Personalized medicine represents a novel and integrative approach that focuses on an individual's genetics and epigenetics, precision medicine, lifestyle and exposures as key players of health status and disease phenotypes.
In this narrative review, we aim to carefully discuss the current knowledge on gender disparities in cardiometabolic diseases, and we consider the sex- specific expression of miRNAs and their role as promising tool in precision medicine.
Personalised medicine overcomes the restricted care of patient based on a binomial sex approach, by enriching itself with a holistic and dynamic gender integration. Recognized as a major worldwide health emergency, cardiometabolic disorders continue to rise, impacting on health systems and requiring more effective and targeted strategies. Several sex and gender drivers might affect the onset and progression of cardiometabolic disorders in males and females at multiple levels. In this respect, distinct contribution of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, molecular and physiological pathways, sex hormones, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat and lifestyle lead to differences in disease burden and outcomes in males and females.
Sex and gender play a pivotal role in precision medicine because the influence the physiology of each individual and the way they interact with environment from intrauterine life.
个性化医学代表了一种新颖的综合方法，侧重于个体的遗传学和表观遗传学、精准医学、生活方式和暴露，作为健康状况和疾病表型的关键因素。
在这篇叙述性评论中，我们旨在仔细讨论心血管代谢疾病中性别差异的现有知识，并考虑 miRNA 的性别特异性表达及其作为精准医学有前途的工具的作用。
个性化医学通过丰富整体和动态的性别融合，克服了基于二进制性别方法的患者受限护理。被认为是全球主要的卫生紧急情况，心血管代谢疾病继续上升，对卫生系统产生影响，并需要更有效和有针对性的策略。在多个层面上，几个性别和性别驱动因素可能会影响男性和女性心血管代谢疾病的发病和进展。在这方面，遗传和表观遗传机制、分子和生理途径、性激素、内脏脂肪和皮下脂肪以及生活方式的独特贡献导致了男性和女性疾病负担和结局的差异。
性别在精准医学中起着关键作用，因为它影响每个个体的生理学以及他们与环境相互作用的方式，从子宫内生活开始。
