JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Genome Biol Evol. 2024 Sep 3;16(9). doi: 10.1093/gbe/evae189.
Arthropoda represents the most diverse animal phylum, but clarifying the phylogenetic relationships among arthropod taxa remains challenging given the numerous arthropod lineages that diverged over a short period of time. In order to resolve the most controversial aspects of deep arthropod phylogeny, focusing on the Myriapoda, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on ten super-matrices comprised of 751 to 1,233 orthologous genes across 64 representative arthropod species, including 28 transcriptomes that were newly generated in this study. Our findings provide unambiguous support for the monophyly of the higher arthropod taxa, Chelicerata, Mandibulata, Myriapoda, Pancrustacea, and Hexapoda, while the Crustacea are paraphyletic, with the class Remipedia supported as the lineage most closely related to hexapods. Within the Hexapoda, our results largely affirm previously proposed phylogenetic relationships among deep hexapod lineages, except that the Paraneoptera (Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, and Psocodea) was recovered as a monophyletic lineage in some analyses. The results corroborated the recently proposed phylogenetic framework of the four myriapod classes, wherein Symphyla and Pauropoda, as well as Chilopoda and Diplopoda, are each proposed to be sister taxa. The findings provide important insights into understanding the phylogeny and evolution of arthropods.
节肢动物门是最多样化的动物门，但由于在短时间内有许多节肢动物谱系分化，厘清节肢动物类群的系统发育关系仍然具有挑战性。为了解决深时节肢动物系统发育中最具争议的方面，我们专注于多足类动物，基于由 64 个代表性节肢动物物种组成的 10 个超级矩阵进行了系统发育分析，这些物种包括在本研究中新生成的 28 个转录组。我们的研究结果明确支持高等节肢动物类群，螯肢动物门、颚足动物门、多足类动物门、甲壳动物门和六足动物门的单系性，而甲壳动物门是并系的，类桡足动物门被支持为与六足动物门最密切相关的谱系。在六足动物门中，我们的结果在很大程度上证实了深时六足动物谱系之间先前提出的系统发育关系，除了在某些分析中，外翅类（半翅目、缨翅目和虱目）被恢复为单系谱系。结果支持了最近提出的四个多足类动物门的系统发育框架，其中弹尾目和倍足纲，以及唇足纲和倍足纲，都被提议为姊妹群。这些发现为理解节肢动物的系统发育和进化提供了重要的见解。
