Hauck Felicitas, Borho Andrea, Romero Gibu Lucía, Atal Mojib, Dederer Sevil, Bendel Petra, Morawa Eva, Erim Yesim, Jansen Silke, Rohleder Nicolas
Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 49a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
J Migr Health. 2024 Aug 4;10:100260. doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100260. eCollection 2024.
Immigrants are exposed to a variety of stressors, such as ethnic discrimination, and therefore experience a higher risk of developing adverse health outcomes. However, the role of potentially protective psychological factors is not well-studied. The present study addresses the question how discrimination and institutional verbal violence (IVV) are associated with chronic stress in an immigrant sample. In addition, this study highlights moderating effects of migration-specific variables (first or second migration generation and citizenship status). Participants ( = 232; 69.4 % female) completed an online-survey, which included demographics, questionnaires (Everyday Discrimination Scale, EDS; Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-4; Resilience Scale, RS-11; Self-Compassion Scale, SCS-SF) as well as a self-developed questionnaire on institutional verbal violence. Only participants living in Germany with migration background (self or one parent migrated to Germany) were included. Results showed that perceived discrimination and institutional verbal violence were highly associated with chronic stress. Further, self-compassion buffered the connection between discrimination and stress, whereas resilience was no protective factor. The inclusion of migration-specific variables showed that the second-generation sub-group experienced less discrimination-related stress and self-compassion was shown to be particularly protective within this sub-group. Citizenship status did not appear to be a moderator, but especially persons with temporary or permanent residence status, compared to German/EU-citizens, reported higher values of verbal violence and discrimination-related stress. These findings highlight the importance of considering not only psychological but also structural and societal protective and risk factors, as they may be differentially associated with immigrants' stress perceptions. Implications for future research and practical implementations are presented.
移民面临各种压力源，如种族歧视，因此出现不良健康结果的风险更高。然而，潜在的保护性心理因素的作用尚未得到充分研究。本研究探讨了在一个移民样本中，歧视和机构性言语暴力（IVV）如何与慢性压力相关联。此外，本研究还强调了移民特定变量（第一代或第二代移民以及公民身份状态）的调节作用。参与者（n = 232；69.4%为女性）完成了一项在线调查，其中包括人口统计学信息、问卷（日常歧视量表，EDS；感知压力量表，PSS - 4；复原力量表，RS - 11；自我同情量表，SCS - SF）以及一份自行编制的关于机构性言语暴力的问卷。仅纳入了有移民背景（本人或父母一方移民到德国）且居住在德国的参与者。结果表明，感知到的歧视和机构性言语暴力与慢性压力高度相关。此外，自我同情缓冲了歧视与压力之间的联系，而复原力并非保护因素。纳入移民特定变量后显示，第二代亚组经历的与歧视相关的压力较小，并且自我同情在该亚组中表现出特别的保护作用。公民身份状态似乎不是一个调节因素，但与德国/欧盟公民相比，特别是具有临时或永久居留身份的人报告的言语暴力和与歧视相关的压力值更高。这些发现凸显了不仅要考虑心理因素，还要考虑结构和社会保护及风险因素的重要性,因为它们可能与移民的压力感知存在不同程度的关联。本文还提出了对未来研究和实际应用的启示。
