Gào Xīn, Sun Yexiang, Shen Peng, Guo Jinxin, Chen Yunpeng, Yin Yueqi, Liu Zhike, Zhan Siyan
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Aug 21;11(9):ofae456. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae456. eCollection 2024 Sep.
In China, the 2022-2023 influenza season began earlier and was characterized by higher levels of influenza activity and co-circulation of various respiratory pathogens compared with seasons before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Timely and precise estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against infections can be used to guide public health measures.
A test-negative study was conducted to estimate IVE against laboratory-confirmed influenza using data from the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY) study that prospectively integrated laboratory, vaccination, and health administrative data in Yinzhou, southern China. We included patients who presented influenza-like illness and received nucleic acid tests and/or antigen tests between October 2023 and March 2024. Estimates of IVE were adjusted for age, gender, month of specimen submitted, chronic comorbidities, and hospitalization status.
A total of 205 028 participants, including 96 298 influenza cases (7.6% vaccinated) and 108 730 influenza-negative controls (13.4% vaccinated), were eligible for this analysis. The estimates of IVE were 49.4% (95% CI, 47.8%-50.9%), 41.9% (95% CI, 39.8%-44.0%), and 59.9% (95% CI, 57.9%-61.9%) against overall influenza, influenza A, and influenza B, respectively. A lower IVE was observed for individuals aged 7-17 years (38.6%), vs 45.8% for 6 months-6 years, 46.7% for 18-64 years, and 46.1% for ≥65 years. Vaccination reduced the risk of infection by 44.4% among patients with chronic comorbidities. IVEs varied by epidemic weeks with the changes in influenza activity levels and the switch of dominant influenza strains.
Influenza vaccination in the 2023-2024 season was protective against infection for the entire population.
在中国，2022 - 2023年流感季开始时间提前，其特点是与2019年冠状病毒病（COVID - 19）大流行之前的季节相比，流感活动水平更高，且多种呼吸道病原体共同流行。及时、准确地评估流感疫苗针对感染的有效性（IVE）可用于指导公共卫生措施。
开展了一项检测阴性研究，利用来自中国宁波电子健康记录研究（CHERRY）的数据评估流感疫苗针对实验室确诊流感的有效性。该研究前瞻性地整合了中国南方宁波的实验室、疫苗接种和卫生行政数据。我们纳入了在2023年10月至2024年3月期间出现流感样疾病并接受核酸检测和/或抗原检测的患者。流感疫苗有效性估计值针对年龄、性别、送检标本月份、慢性合并症和住院状态进行了调整。
共有205028名参与者符合本分析条件，其中包括96298例流感病例（7.6%接种了疫苗）和108730例流感阴性对照（13.4%接种了疫苗）。针对总体流感、甲型流感和乙型流感，流感疫苗有效性估计值分别为49.4%（95%置信区间，47.8% - 50.9%）、41.9%（95%置信区间，39.8% - 44.0%）和59.9%（95%置信区间，57.9% - 61.9%）。7 - 17岁个体的流感疫苗有效性较低（38.6%），而6个月至6岁为45.8%，18 - 64岁为46.7%，≥65岁为46.1%。在患有慢性合并症的患者中，接种疫苗使感染风险降低了44.4%。流感疫苗有效性随流行周数而变化，与流感活动水平变化和优势流感毒株转换有关。
2023 - 2024年流感季接种流感疫苗对全体人群具有预防感染的作用。
