Patient, parent and professional expert perspectives on personalized regenerative implants: a qualitative focus group study.

Perspectives of patients, parents and professional experts on personalized regenerative implants for regenerative medicine purposes are largely unknown. To better understand these perspectives, we conducted four focus groups with professional experts of mixed European nationality (n = 8), Dutch patients with regular implants (n = 8), Dutch and Belgian (n = 5) and Spanish (n = 8) parents of children with cleft palate. Two overarching themes were identified: 'patient-centered research and care' and 'ambivalent attitudes toward personalized regenerative implants'. The results reveal that stakeholders should adopt a participatory rather than an impairment discourse and address the ambivalence among professional experts, patients and parents. Considering stakeholder perspectives facilitates ethical and responsible development and use of personalized regenerative implants.