Rev Sci Tech. 2024 Aug;43:159-167. doi: 10.20506/rst.43.3528.
The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) programme's key objective â€" to provide a systematic approach to determine the burden of animal disease â€" is as relevant to aquatic as to terrestrial animal production systems. However, to date GBADs methods have mainly been applied to terrestrial animal production systems. The challenges in applying GBADs methods, notably the Animal Health Loss Envelope (AHLE), vary considerably by production system. The authors demonstrate how the AHLE can be calculated for rainbow trout production in England and Wales and acknowledge that its application to other systems (e.g. hatchery production, polyculture and no-feed mollusc production) is more complex. For example, in small scale tropical fish production the impact of suboptimal nutrition on production would need to be addressed. Recirculating aquaculture systems have inherent high levels of biosecurity and disease control, and thus low levels of disease. Removing the capital and running costs associated with biosecurity fundamentally changes the system and invalidates the AHLE calculation. Lack of data from many systems, notably small-scale tropical finfish farming, means that expert opinion will be needed to support the application of GBADs methods. While calculation of the AHLE is the focus of this article, it should be noted that attribution to causes and value chain modelling are needed to generate data on the wider societal impact of aquatic animal diseases (and possible interventions), which governments require to support decision-making about resource allocation.
动物疾病全球负担（GBADs）计划的主要目标——提供一种系统的方法来确定动物疾病的负担——与陆地和水生动物生产系统都相关。然而，迄今为止，GBADs 方法主要应用于陆地动物生产系统。应用 GBADs 方法（特别是动物健康损失 envelopes [AHLE]）的挑战因生产系统而异。作者展示了如何计算英格兰和威尔士虹鳟鱼生产中的 AHLE，并承认将其应用于其他系统（例如孵化场生产、混养和无饲料贝类生产）更为复杂。例如，在小规模热带鱼生产中，需要解决营养不足对生产的影响。循环水产养殖系统具有固有的高水平生物安全和疾病控制，因此疾病水平较低。去除与生物安全相关的资本和运行成本从根本上改变了系统，并使 AHLE 计算无效。许多系统（特别是小规模热带鱼类养殖）缺乏数据，这意味着需要专家意见来支持 GBADs 方法的应用。虽然 AHLE 的计算是本文的重点，但需要指出的是，归因于原因和价值链建模是生成关于水生动物疾病（和可能的干预措施）对更广泛社会影响的数据所必需的，政府需要这些数据来支持关于资源分配的决策。
