Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
School of Economic Sciences and Paul G Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Lancet Planet Health. 2024 May;8(5):e309-e317. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00047-0.
Increasing awareness of the environmental and public health impacts of expanding and intensifying animal-based food and farming systems creates discord, with the reliance of much of the world's population on animals for livelihoods and essential nutrition. Increasing the efficiency of food production through improved animal health has been identified as a step towards minimising these negative effects without compromising global food security. The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) programme aims to provide data and analytical methods to support positive change in animal health across all livestock and aquaculture animal populations.
In this study, we present a metric that begins the process of disease burden estimation by converting the physical consequences of disease on animal performance to farm-level costs of disease, and calculates a metric termed the Animal Health Loss Envelope (AHLE) via comparison between the status quo and a disease-free ideal. An example calculation of the AHLE metric for meat production from broiler chickens is provided.
The AHLE presents the direct financial costs of disease at farm-level for all causes by estimating losses and expenditure in a given farming system. The general specification of the model measures productivity change at farm-level and provides an upper bound on productivity change in the absence of disease. On its own, it gives an indication of the scale of total disease cost at farm-level.
The AHLE is an essential stepping stone within the GBADs programme because it connects the physical performance of animals in farming systems under different environmental and management conditions and different health states to farm economics. Moving forward, AHLE results will be an important step in calculating the wider monetary consequences of changes in animal health as part of the GBADs programme.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
动物源性食品和养殖系统的扩张和集约化所带来的环境和公共卫生影响的意识不断提高，这在一定程度上造成了分歧，因为世界上许多人的生计和基本营养都依赖于动物。通过提高动物健康来提高粮食生产效率已被确定为减少这些负面影响而又不影响全球粮食安全的一种措施。全球动物疾病负担（GBADs）计划旨在提供数据和分析方法，以支持改善所有牲畜和水产养殖动物群体的动物健康。
在本研究中，我们提出了一种衡量标准，通过将疾病对动物生产性能的实际影响转化为疾病对农场成本的影响，开始了疾病负担估计的过程，并通过比较现状和无疾病理想状态来计算称为动物健康损失 envelopes（AHLE）的衡量标准。提供了一个肉鸡生产中 AHLE 指标的示例计算。
AHLE 通过估计给定养殖系统中的损失和支出，为所有原因在农场层面上呈现了疾病的直接财务成本。该模型的一般规格衡量了农场层面的生产力变化，并提供了在没有疾病的情况下生产力变化的上限。就其本身而言，它表明了农场层面总疾病成本的规模。
AHLE 是 GBADs 计划中的一个重要步骤，因为它将不同环境和管理条件以及不同健康状态下的动物在养殖系统中的实际性能与农场经济联系起来。向前推进，AHLE 结果将是作为 GBADs 计划的一部分计算动物健康变化的更广泛货币后果的重要步骤。
比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会、英国外交、联邦和发展办公室、欧盟地平线 2020 研究和创新计划。
