Raja Abhavya, Kasana Abhishek, Verma Vaishali
Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Mol Biotechnol. 2024 Sep 2. doi: 10.1007/s12033-024-01270-y.
The field of cancer treatment has evolved significantly over the last decade with the emergence of next-generation therapeutic antibodies. Conventional treatments like chemotherapy pose significant challenges, including adverse side effects. Monoclonal antibodies have paved the way for more targeted and effective interventions. The evolution from chimeric to humanized and fully human antibodies has led to a reduction in immunogenicity and enhanced tolerance in vivo. The advent of next-generation antibodies, including bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, antibody-drug conjugates, glyco-engineered antibodies, and antibody fragments, represents a leap forward in cancer therapy. These innovations offer increased potency, adaptability, and reduced drug resistance. Challenges such as target validation, immunogenicity, and high production costs exist. However, technological advancements in antibody engineering techniques provide optimism for addressing these issues. The future promises a paradigm shift, where ongoing research will propel these powerful antibodies to the forefront, revolutionizing the fight against cancer and creating new preventive and curative treatments. This review provides an overview of three next-generation antibody-based molecules, namely bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and nanobodies that have shown promising results in cancer treatment. It discusses the evolution of antibodies from conventional forms to next-generation molecules, along with their applications in cancer treatment, production methods, and associated challenges. The review aims to offer researchers insights into the evolving landscape of next-generation antibody-based cancer therapeutics and their potential to revolutionize treatment strategies.
在过去十年中，随着新一代治疗性抗体的出现，癌症治疗领域发生了显著演变。化疗等传统治疗方法带来了重大挑战，包括不良副作用。单克隆抗体为更具针对性和有效性的干预措施铺平了道路。从嵌合抗体到人源化抗体再到全人源抗体的演变，降低了免疫原性并增强了体内耐受性。包括双特异性抗体、纳米抗体、抗体药物偶联物、糖工程抗体和抗体片段在内的新一代抗体的出现，代表了癌症治疗的一大飞跃。这些创新提高了效力、适应性并降低了耐药性。尽管存在靶点验证、免疫原性和高生产成本等挑战，但抗体工程技术的进步为解决这些问题带来了希望。未来有望发生范式转变，持续的研究将把这些强大的抗体推向前沿，彻底改变抗癌斗争并创造新的预防和治疗方法。本综述概述了三种基于新一代抗体的分子，即双特异性抗体、抗体药物偶联物和纳米抗体，它们在癌症治疗中已显示出有前景的结果。它讨论了抗体从传统形式到新一代分子的演变，以及它们在癌症治疗中的应用、生产方法和相关挑战。该综述旨在为研究人员提供有关基于新一代抗体的癌症治疗方法不断演变的格局及其彻底改变治疗策略潜力的见解。
