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2022 年乌干达苏丹病毒引起的埃博拉疫情:描述性流行病学研究。

Ebola disease outbreak caused by the Sudan virus in Uganda, 2022: a descriptive epidemiological study.

机构信息

Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.

Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.

出版信息

Lancet Glob Health. 2024 Oct;12(10):e1684-e1692. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00260-2. Epub 2024 Aug 30.

DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00260-2
PMID:39222652
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11413514/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Uganda has had seven Ebola disease outbreaks, between 2000 and 2022. On Sept 20, 2022, the Ministry of Health declared a Sudan virus disease outbreak in Mubende District, Central Uganda. We describe the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics.

METHODS

For this descriptive study, cases were classified as suspected, probable, or confirmed using Ministry of Health case definitions. We investigated all reported cases to obtain data on case-patient demographics, exposures, and signs and symptoms, and identified transmission chains. We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study and also calculated basic reproduction number (R) estimates.

FINDINGS

Between Aug 8 and Nov 27, 2022, 164 cases (142 confirmed, 22 probable) were identified from nine (6%) of 146 districts. The median age was 29 years (IQR 20-38), 95 (58%) of 164 patients were male, and 77 (47%) patients died. Symptom onsets ranged from Aug 8 to Nov 27, 2022. The case fatality rate was highest in children younger than 10 years (17 [74%] of 23 patients). Fever (135 [84%] of 160 patients), vomiting (93 [58%] patients), weakness (89 [56%] patients), and diarrhoea (81 [51%] patients) were the most common symptoms; bleeding was uncommon (21 [13%] patients). Before outbreak identification, most case-patients (26 [60%] of 43 patients) sought care at private health facilities. The median incubation was 6 days (IQR 5-8), and median time from onset to death was 10 days (7-23). Most early cases represented health-care-associated transmission (43 [26%] of 164 patients); most later cases represented household transmission (109 [66%]). Overall R was 1·25.

INTERPRETATION

Despite delayed detection, the 2022 Sudan virus disease outbreak was rapidly controlled, possibly thanks to a low R. Children (aged <10 years) were at the highest risk of death, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve their outcomes during Ebola disease outbreaks. Initial care-seeking occurred at facilities outside the government system, showing a need to ensure that private and public facilities receive training to identify possible Ebola disease cases during an outbreak. Health-care-associated transmission in private health facilities drove the early outbreak, suggesting gaps in infection prevention and control.

FUNDING

None.

摘要

背景

乌干达在 2000 年至 2022 年间发生了 7 次埃博拉疫情。2022 年 9 月 20 日,乌干达卫生部宣布在中部姆布迪区爆发苏丹病毒疾病。我们描述了流行病学特征和传播动态。

方法

在这项描述性研究中,根据卫生部的病例定义,将病例分为疑似、可能或确诊病例。我们调查了所有报告的病例,以获取病例患者的人口统计学、暴露和体征和症状数据,并确定了传播链。我们进行了描述性流行病学研究,并计算了基本繁殖数(R)估计值。

结果

2022 年 8 月 8 日至 11 月 27 日,从 146 个区中的 9 个区(6%)发现了 164 例病例(142 例确诊,22 例可能)。中位年龄为 29 岁(IQR 20-38),164 例患者中有 95 例(58%)为男性,77 例(47%)死亡。症状发作时间从 2022 年 8 月 8 日至 11 月 27 日不等。10 岁以下儿童的病死率最高(23 例患者中有 17 例[74%])。发热(160 例患者中的 135 例[84%])、呕吐(93 例患者[58%])、虚弱(89 例患者[56%])和腹泻(81 例患者[51%])是最常见的症状;出血并不常见(21 例患者[13%])。在疫情识别之前,大多数病例患者(43 例患者中的 26 例[60%])在私人卫生机构就诊。中位潜伏期为 6 天(IQR 5-8),从发病到死亡的中位时间为 10 天(7-23)。大多数早期病例代表与卫生保健相关的传播(164 例患者中的 43 例[26%]);大多数后期病例代表家庭传播(109 例[66%])。总体 R 值为 1.25。

解释

尽管发现较晚,但 2022 年苏丹病毒病疫情得到了迅速控制,这可能要归功于较低的 R 值。儿童(<10 岁)的死亡风险最高,这突出表明需要采取有针对性的干预措施,以改善他们在埃博拉疫情期间的预后。最初的求医行为发生在政府系统之外的医疗机构,这表明需要确保私人和公共医疗机构在疫情期间接受识别可能的埃博拉病例的培训。私营医疗机构的医源性传播引发了疫情早期爆发,表明感染预防和控制方面存在差距。

资金

无。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a90a/11413514/6557647ac865/gr3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a90a/11413514/bdec10817223/gr1.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a90a/11413514/6557647ac865/gr3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a90a/11413514/bdec10817223/gr1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a90a/11413514/567874a8fbf6/gr2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a90a/11413514/6557647ac865/gr3.jpg

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